Teaching aims and demands
Topic Talking about archaeological discoveries
Vocabulary decoration spear pot empire pin clothing distinction centimeter clay arrow dozen cushion spare tend approximately average lorry link monument homeland statue remote distant quantity mask accompany vast square triangle
tend to in terms of in eyes of lend a hand serve as dig up
Functional items Expressing curiosity
I wonder what / who …
I am curious to …
I wonder if /whether …
I’m curious to know …
I’d love to know …
I really want to know …
What I’d really like to find out is …
I’d like to know more about …
Giving suggestions
You can read some books about that.
You could visit a local museum.
That may be different to find out.
Structure Review the use of “it”
Reading
The King of Stonehenge
Roots of Chinese Culture
Writing A flow chart
Period 1 Unit 16 BII Warming Up & Listening
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words:
Archaeology, archaeological, archaeologist, curiosity, decoration, unearth, spear, artifact
2. Learn to express curiosity.
3. Improve the student’s listening ability.
4. Train the student’s speaking ability by talking about archaeological discoveries and practicing expressing curiosity
Teaching Methods:
1. Listening-and-answering activity to help the student’s go through with the listening material.
2. Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
Student’s sheet
Teaching Procedures:
I: Lead-in
China is a country with a long history and brilliant culture, in which ways can we learn about its history and culture? (Archaeology)
Archaeology is a scientific study which shows us the route to the past. We can trace /keep a track of what is happening in the ancient times.
II: Warming up
1. Talk about the four pictures on P73. Each of them stands for one period in Chinese history. Then ask them questions and help them learn some new words.
What are they? (axe/Bronze tripod/A painting on silk/Tri-colored glazed pottery)
What can they remind us of ? (Suggested answers: life/culture)
Describe the life of people in China during the periods.
What did they eat?
Where did they live?
What did their houses look like?
What kind of tools did they use?
What objects have we found from their age?
What kind of entertainment did they have ?
2. Discussion: Let the students discuss the four different periods according to the questions above and fill in the form on p73.
Stone Age Bronze Age Han Dynasty Tang Dynasty
Food Meat, fish (roasted/cooked)
fruits, plants and maybe in the later stone age also grain and rice. Rice, staple food and vegetables from farms,
meat from hunted and farm animals, fish, milk products
Fine foods of all varieties, wine
A choice of fine foods and wines
Housing Caves, tents, huts wooden buildings Wooden buildings
Wooden buildings
Wooden and stone buildings
Home decoration Wall paintings, animal skins, wove materials, objects made of jade
Painted walls, pots, and containers made of clay or bronze, wooden furniture, woven mats
Painted walls, pots, and containers made of clay or bronze, wooden furniture, woven mats, silk, and cloth Painted walls, pots, and vases made of metal sculptures, furniture, woven mats, silk, and cloth
Tools Tools made of stones, wood ,clay, bones, fishing nets, Stone and wood, containers of pottery and bronze, weapons made of bronze All kinds of tools made of different metals, wood, glass or stone All kinds of tools made of different materials
Artifacts Stones, earth, simple jewelers made of animal teeth or bones
Bronze objects, bones, stone objects ,pottery and clay figures
Clay figures, statues, woven cloth of silk and other materials, gold, written bamboo texts, pottery Pottery, tools, jewellery, paper and silk materials, jade, gold metal objects
Entertain-ment Storytelling, singing ,dancing around a fire
Storytelling, singing ,dancing, music with musical instruments ,
reciting poetry, handcrafts Song and poetry, music with various instruments, hunting ,eating and drinking Various forms of musical entertainment, reading, hunting, travel, etc
III: Listening
1. The students are asked to read the requirements of listening part first, then listen to the tape for twice to fill in the blanks on P74.
What___________________________.
What___________________________.
How____________________________.
How____________________________.
Where__________________________.
2. Play the tape twice for the students to listen and write down their answers. Then check their answers and explain some difficult listening points if necessary.
3. Listen carefully to the tape and try to make a drawing of the tool.
4. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions
What is the object they are talking about?
How far can you throw a spear with a tool like this?
What kind of animals did people kill with it?
How did people in South America and Australia know about this tool?
IV language points
1. age “時代” “長時間” 年齡， 衰老，變老；（物）成熟
eg. the Middle Ages中世紀 middle age中年
the Stone (Bronze, Iron) Ages石器（青銅器，鐵器）時代
It’s been ages since we met.我們好久好久不見面了。
She looks younger than her age.她看起來比實際年齡小。
# at the age of 20在20歲的時候；for one’s age論年齡
He looks young for his age.他看起來比實際年齡小。
Illness aged her so quickly.疾病使她衰老得很快。
2. curious adj.好奇的, 求知的,不尋常的,古怪的curiously adv. curiousness n
eg. a curious glance好奇的眼光 curious neighbours 愛管閑事的鄰居
a curious phenomenon 奇怪的現(xiàn)象
I'm curious to know what he said. 我很想知道他說了些什么。
What a curious mistake! 多奇怪的錯誤!
There was a curious silence. 有一種不尋常的沉寂。
be curious about 對(某事物)感到好奇be curious about sth. 對(某事物)感到好奇
be curious to (do) 很想(做); 渴望(做) (be) curious to say 說來稀奇
curiosity n. 好奇心，求知欲
eg: His curiosity made him succeed.他的好奇心，使他成功了。
Tom stared at me in curiosity.湯姆好奇地盯著我。
# in/with curiosity好奇地；out of curiosity出于好奇
Children are curious about everything around them.孩子們對周圍的每件事都感到好奇。
I’m curious to know what he said.我極想知道他說了些什么。
3. unearth vt. 發(fā)掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭露
eg: The dog has unearthed some bones.那只狗掘出了幾根骨頭。
The archaeologist unearthed a buried treasure last year.
去年，那位考古學家發(fā)掘了埋在地下的一個寶藏。
un-前綴
（1）置于形容詞，副詞，名詞之前，構(gòu)成“不……”，“無……”，“非……”等意之詞。 eg: unhappy不快樂的 unfortunately不幸地 unemployment失業(yè)
（2）置于動詞之前，構(gòu)成相反動作之詞。 eg: fold（折疊）-unfold（展開）
dress（給某人穿衣服）-undress（給某人脫衣）
4. decoration n. 裝飾（修）；裝飾品 # decorate vt. 裝飾……decorate sth. with sth.
eg: the decoration of a room房間的裝飾
We put Christmas decorations on the tree.我們將圣誕節(jié)裝飾品掛在樹上。
She decorated her room with flowers.她用鮮花裝飾她的房間。
V. Homework
Period 2 Speaking and writing
Teaching aims:
1. Learn and master the following useful expressions
I wonder what /who…
I really want to know…
I’m curious to…
I’d love to know…
I wonder if/whether…
What I really like to find out is…
I’m curious about…
I’d like to know more about…
2. Improve the student’s Speaking and writing ability.
3. Train the student’s speaking ability by talking about archaeological discoveries and practicing expressing curiosity.
Teaching Aids:
Student’s sheet
Teaching Procedures:
I: Lead-in
Give the students some questions and let them have a free talk according to the questions.
What’s the importance of archaeology?
Are there any archaeological sites in your hometown?
What’s your attitude to it?
How should we deal with the unearthed objects?
II:Task 1:
Make a dialogue. Show the students some pictures about famous archaeological discoveries. Then let one student talk about the picture he/she is interested in. The other gives him/her suggestions according to the useful expressions on P75.
III:Task 2:
Archaeological discoveries play an important part in learning about the history and culture of a country, so everyone has the duty to protect them after they are unearthed. Stealing cultural relics is illegal by law. As a citizen, what should we do to protect our country’s relics?
IV language points
1. make a drawing of sth. : make a picture of sth.繪……的圖
eg: I made a drawing of some fruit.我畫了一幅水果素描。
2. What else could the object be used for?你認為這個物體還有什么別的用途嗎？
use使用，利用
eg: -What do you use this tool for?這個工具用途何在？
-It is used for cutting wire.它用于切割金屬。
相關(guān)詞組：use up用完，耗盡 come into use開始使用
in use使用之中，使用著 make use of利用，使用
It is no use doing做某事是沒有用的 used to do過去常常做某事
be used to do被用于做…… be used to doing習慣于……
3.sort n.種類, 類別, 品種 品質(zhì), 本性, 性質(zhì) 方法, 情形, 樣子, 程度 某種人[物]
eg. under all sorts of names 以各種各樣的名義
people of every sort and kind 各種各樣的人
They'll never stomach that sort of attitude.他們永遠不會容忍那樣的態(tài)度。
He is the right sort. 他倒是挺合適的人。
He is my sort. 他正是我需要的人。
Queer sort (of a thing)this! [口]這(東西)倒挺妙!
all of a sort 差不多, 大同小異 all sort(s) of (=of all sorts) 各種各樣的
and that sort of thing 以及諸如此類的事情, 等等
a sort of 一種 可以說是...的東西
4.as adv.同樣地, 被看作prep.當做 adv.同樣地,被看作conj.與...一樣, 當...時, 象, 因為
eg. as is 按現(xiàn)狀（出售），概不保證（維修） as it were 或者說
He is my best friend, my second self, as it were. 他是我最好的朋友，或者說，是第二個我。
as yet 迄今，到目前為止 He works as a driver. 他以開汽車為業(yè)。
as if 好像，好似 as long as 只要 as to 關(guān)于；至于
Leave it as it is. 保持原狀, 不要動它。
# as [表示時間]當..., 的時候 , 一邊...一邊, 隨著
eg. She sang As she worked. 她一邊工作一邊唱歌。
You will grow wiser As you grow older. 隨著你年齡的增長, 你會變得更聰明。
# as [表示原因]因為, 既然
eg. As you are tired, you had better rest. (既然)你累了, 最好休息一下。
# as [表示讓步]雖然, 盡管
eg. Rich As he is, he is not happy. 雖然他很富, 但他并不幸福。
V. Writing
Period 3 and 4 Reading
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following:
words: emperor, pin, find, clay, arrow, bow, cushion, spare, technical
phrases: date back to, have a hand in, in terms of, in the eyes of
sentence patterns: It is certain that----
It is thought that
2. Train the students’ reading ability.
3. Let the students learn about the King of the Stonehenge discovered by archaeologists.
Teaching Methods:
1. Discussion before reading to make the students interested in what they will read.
2. Fast reading and careful reading to understand the passage correctly.
3. Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in the activities in class.
Teaching Aids:
Student’s sheet
Teaching Procedures:
I Pre-reading
Do you know terracotta warriors and horses of Emperor Qin?
Do you know why Emperor Qin built it?
( to continue being emperor. They are also funerary objects.)
Describe the kinds of objects kings and emperors in China were buried with.
(weapons, tools , clothing, money, articles for daily life, jade, silk, jewellery, pottery ,china, servants, warriors, wives of emperors and kings and animals.)
Why were dead kings given these objects after they died?
To show off their power and wealth.
To continue their luxurious life in the nether world.
To be given to him for his use in the next life.
II Reading
Read a passage about the mysterious Stonehenge and the King of Stonehenge.
1. Scan the passage and write down which objects were found in the grave.
(tools, a bone pin, two copper knives, a cushion stone, two gold earrings, a bow, arrows, and two pots.)
2. Describe the materials found in the grave.
(stone, clay, copper, gold, pottery, bone and fur.)
3. The discovery is important for variety of reasons:
His grave is the richest of any found from that period.
The tow gold earrings buried with him are the oldest found in Britain.
It shows that he was a member of a powerful class who may have organized the construction of the Stonehenge.
III get the general idea of the passage
Part 1 (para ): The ____________ of a grave.
Part 2 (para ): ________ found in the grave.
Part 3 (para ): The _________ of the discovery.
Part 4 (para ): something about _____________
Part 5 (para ):Something about _______________________
IV Listening
Listen to the tape. After listening, do the following exercises.
1. From things that were found in the grave, archaeologists now believe that people in the Bronze Age had trade and cultural links with other parts in Europe. Give examples of such links and what was traded.
Country or part of Europe Material or object of trade
West wales Stone
Spain and Western France Copper knives
Europe Gold jewellery, copper, bronze
Some places far from England Artifacts
2. For trade and cultural links as well as life in Britain and the construction of a building such as Stonehenge, people in the Bronze Age must have had knowledge about certain things and certain fields of science. Work in groups to talk about the inventions and kinds of science they must have had, based on the reading passage.
Activity Knowledge, science, inventions, and tools
Travel to Scotland Roads, maps, hotels, geography
Construction of Stonehenge Architecture, physics
Hunting Weapons, bows, arrows
Trade with Europe Maps, ships, languages, geography
Making copper knives Skills, copper, models
---
V Appreciation
1. Show some pictures of Stonehenge.
What do you think of Stonehenge?
(students maybe say that it is wonderful, beautiful, mysterious, etc.)
2. Introductuon
Construction took place in three phases, over 25 generations. Most of it was the result of human muscle and a system of ropes and wooden levers used to transport the massive stones. To drag the sarsen stones, weighing up to 45 tones, or the weight of six elephants, from Marlborough Downs, 30 kilometres to the south of Stonehenge, would have been quite a feat. The bluestones, in contrast, were about four tones but are believed to have come from much farther -- the Preseli Mountains nearly 385 kilometres away. Popular theory suggests the stones were rolled to the Welsh shore, carried on raft around the coast and into the River Avon, at Bristol. They would have then been transported through local rivers and then back to land, where they were once again rolled to Salisbury Plain.
3. Then draw a conclusion:
The construction of Stonehenge is a process of blood, sweat, and tears.
VI. Discussion
1. Why was the Stonehenge built or the purpose of the construction?
The main theories of the purpose existed and accepted in the world today:
Execution ground(刑場) space station（宇宙太空港）temple（宗教寺廟）
Hunting ground（狩獵場） an astronomical calendar（天文歷法儀）
2. Suppose your hometown found an ancient grave, and some people suggest digging it up, while others have different opinions. Please make up a dialogue with your partner, express your idea.
VII. Consolidation
Close your books, and finish the exercise on the screen. T or F exercises.
1. ( )When the King of Stonehenge died, he was about 50 years old.
2. ( ) From tests on his teeth, it is certain that he spent his childhood in England.
3. ( ) The most amazing find was two gold earrings.
4. ( ) Stonehenge was begun around 2300BC.
5. ( ) In terms of technical development, people were going from the Bronze Age to the Stone Age at that time.
6. ( ) It has been proven that the copper knives came from Spain and Western France.
Suggested answers:
1. F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T
Blank filling
On May 3 . 2002, _____________ in England found a ________ of a man._________ with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior.
The ______ found in the grave are what a person would need to survive– clothing, tools, weapons, __________ and ________ ___________ to make new tools. The discovery is __________ for ________________ reasons. His grave is the ________ of any found from that period. Another reason is that he was buried 3 miles from _________ at that time. So this man has been called the _________________________. Stonehenge was __________ 3000 BC. The biggest stones _________ ______________ 20 tons and the ________ blue stones weighs 4 tons _______ _________.
Till now, it is a ________ how early man was able to __________construct Stonehenge. The king of Stonehenge’s homeland was somewhere in __________________.In the _______ __________ most tools were made of stone, in the _______ ________ people could make tools of _______ and bronze. ________ came la Greet the whole class as usual.
VIII.language points
1. date back to=date from:自某時代存在至今，追溯回，始于
eg. This building dates back to the 14th century.這座房子建于14世紀。
Our partnership dates from 1970.我們從1970年就合伙了。
2. warrior n. 戰(zhàn)士，武士，勇士
eg. Jingke is a warrior.荊軻是一名勇士。
3. pin 大頭針 用針固定或別住某物 .將某事附加在某人身上
eg. Please fasten two sheets of paper with a pins.用大頭針把兩張紙別在一起。
Pin the bills together so you don’t lose them. 把賬單別在一起以防遺失。
pin sth. on sb.
eg: We’re pinning all our hopes on you.我們把希望完全寄托在你身上了。
4. a variety of:各種各樣的
eg. He left for a variety of reasons.他由于種種原因而離開了。
5. tend vt照料，照管 服侍 傾向；趨于 朝某方向
eg. The nurses are tending the injured.護士正在照料受傷者。
They are shepherds tending their sheep.他們是照管羊的牧人。
I would like to tend the store for you while you’re away.你不在時,我愿意替你照看店鋪。
He tends to get angry when people object to his plan.別人反對他的意見時,他很容易生氣。
The track tends upwards.這痕跡是朝著上方的。
6. for this reason因為這個理由 for no good reason無緣無故，沒有正當?shù)睦碛?/p>
eg: You mustn’t leave for no good reason.沒有合適的理由，你不許離開。
7. have a hand in: be involved in sth. which happens; be partly responsible for sth.參與，插手，對某事負部分責任
eg: John should have a hand in this.約翰應對這件事負責任。
lend sb. a hand幫助某人
from hand to mouth僅夠糊口地
hand in hand手牽手
on the other hand另一方面
shake hands with sb.與某人握手
hand in交出……；提出
hand out分發(fā)，分配
hand down（將傳統(tǒng);習慣等）傳給后世
8. in terms of意思是“用……的話”，“以……的觀點”，“就……而說”
eg. He thought of everything in terms of money.他每件事都從錢的角度考慮。
The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage.
那些數(shù)字是以百分數(shù)表示的。
9. spare vt. 吝惜 饒恕；不傷害某人 撥出，分出
eg. He didn’t spare any effort on his studies.他在研究方面不遺余力。
Spare the rod and spoil the child.[諺]孩子不打不成器,嬌養(yǎng)忤逆兒.(省了棍子壞了孩子.)
Please spare me!請饒了我吧！
Can you spare me a few minutes of your time?我能耽擱您幾分鐘嗎？
I can’t spare the time for a holiday at the moment.目前我抽不出時間去度假。
# spare no effort不遺余力
# spare adj. 多余的；備用的；剩余的 空閑的；未占用的 瘦的
eg: We have no spare room for a table.我們沒有放桌子的空地方。
Do you carry a spare wheel in your car?你的汽車上有備用車輪嗎？
I have no spare money this month.這個月我沒有余錢。
He paints in his spare time.他在空閑時繪畫。
She is a busy woman with little spare time.她是一位忙得沒有空的女子。
a tall spare man又高又瘦的男子
# in one’s spare time在某人的空閑時間
10. in the eyes of sb. (in sb.’s eyes): in the opinion of sb.在某人的心目中，在某人看來
eg: In your father’s eyes you’re still a child.在你父親的眼里你仍是個孩子。
keep an eye on sb.留神，看守，看管
look sb. in the eye目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看某人
shut (close) one’s eyes to sth.閉目不看……，裝著沒看到……，視而不見
11. remote adj. 遠離的，遙遠的，偏僻的 冷淡的，漠不關(guān)心的eg:
eg. He used to live in a remote village.他曾住在一個偏僻的山村里。
a house remote from the town一座遠離城鎮(zhèn)的房子
He is rather remote.他相當冷淡。
12. as well as 同……一樣好 （除……之外）又，不但……而且……
eg. She cooks as well as her mother does.她和她母親的燒菜水平一樣好。
He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既種菜也種花。
# A as well as B短語為主語時，謂語動詞要隨A的人稱、數(shù)而變化。
eg: His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.
不但他的太太，連他的孩子們都被邀請參加了那次聚會。
13. local adj 地方的；本地的n本地人
eg. a local custom地方風俗 a local name地名
local news本地新聞 a local station地方電臺
My brother go to the local school. 我兄弟上本地的學校。
Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police.上星期二他接到當?shù)鼐炀值囊环庑拧?/p>
14. distinction n. 區(qū)別; 差別; 不同之處 特征;優(yōu)越; 卓越; 盛名 勛章
eg. the chief distinction of Chinese food 中國食品的主要特征
a writer of distinction一位卓越的作家
There is no appreciable distinction between the twins.在這對孿生子之間看不出有什么明顯的差別。
His distinction of sound is excellent.他辨別聲音的能力很強。
His style lacks distinction.他的文體缺乏個性。
draw a distinction between 對...加以區(qū)別 gain distinction 出名
win distinction出名 graduate from college with distinction以優(yōu)異成績畢業(yè)
rise to distinction出名
15. wonder n.奇跡, 驚愕vt.對...感到驚訝,想知道vi.驚訝, 懷疑adj.非凡的, 奇妙的
eg. to look at sth. in wonder 驚奇地看著某物
They were filled with wonder when they saw the spaceship. 當他們看到宇宙飛船時，他們非常驚奇。
the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇觀
He's a wonder. 他是個奇才。 It's a wonder難得；奇怪的是
It's a wonder you recognized me. 難得你還認得我。
(It's) no wonder 難怪；并不奇怪；當然
No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
難怪他不餓，他整天在吃糖果。
I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language.
我感到十分驚奇,在英國每個人都說著一種語言。
I wonder at his rudeness. 我對他的粗魯感到奇怪。
He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones.
他很奇怪為什么人們本可以造出漂亮的房屋,而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子來。
16. lead vt, vi led, leading 引導；指引 導致 領導；控制；主持
eg . He led us to his home. 他把我們帶到他家。
The path leads to the village. 這條小路通到那村莊。
He led a hard life. 他的日子過得很苦
All roads lead to Rome. [諺]條條道路通羅馬。
17. 同、近義詞辨析
1) sure與certain確信，有把握
A. 都可接about/ of，意思是“確信”，“對……有把握”，只能用人做主語。
eg: Are you sure/ certain of that?你確信那件事嗎？
B. （都可接不定式，意思是“一定會……”，人或物均可做主語。
eg: He is sure/certain to succeed.他一定會成功。
The project is sure/certain to be a success.這個計劃一定會成功。
C. 后面跟“連接詞（疑問詞、連詞whether）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“確定……”，只能用人做主語。
eg: I’m not sure/certain what to do.我不知道怎么辦。
D. 都可跟從句，意思是“肯定……”，“確定……”，只能用人做主語。
eg: I’m not sure/certain whether I’ve met him before.我不能確定以前是否見到過他。
E. 不同點：sure不能用于It is certain that…句型。
eg: It is certain that your team will win.你們隊肯定會贏。
2) cloth, clothes與clothing
A. cloth指做衣服用的材料（布料、毛料、絲綢等），是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，沒有復數(shù)形式。
eg: a piece of cloth一塊布料（不能說a cloth）
How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?
給這個孩子做件上衣要多少布？
注：cloth指“具體用途的布”時，是可數(shù)名詞。
eg: a table cloth一塊桌布 a dish-cloth擦盤子布
B. clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，包括外套、西裝、襯衣、褲子、裙、鞋、帽等。不指單件衣服。它既不能用作單數(shù)，也不能和表示具體數(shù)目的數(shù)詞連用。做主語時，謂語用復數(shù)形式。 不能說：a clothes（×） six clothes(×)
但可以說many (these, a few, my) clothes(√)
eg: He had to buy many clothes.他只好買很多衣服。
These clothes are new.這些衣服都是新的。
C. clothing是衣服、服裝的總稱，是集合名詞，只有單數(shù)形式。做主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式。
eg: food and clothing衣食 an article of clothing (a piece of clothing) 一件衣服
18. 句型：It is said/ thought/believed…that…
=People say/think/believe that…
=sb. /sth. is said/ believed/ thought to do
eg. It is said that the book has been translated into English.據(jù)說,這本書已經(jīng)被譯成了英文。
= People say that the book has been translated into English.
= The book is said to have been translated into English.
IX. Homework
1. Review the reading material
2. Visit the local museum if possible.
Period 5 Grammar
Teaching Aims:
1. Revise some new words.
2. Enable the students to recognize word form
3. Enable the students to use “it”.
Teaching Difficult Point:
“it” is used as the subject position taking the place of “to do”/ “a clause”.
Teaching Aids:
Students’ sheet
Teaching Methods
Oral and Written Practice
Teaching procedures:
I. Revision:
Do Exercise1 on page77.
II. Presentation (word study)
1. Give examples of some words for the students to compare. Encourage them to find out the word functions of the same word. Some words can be used as a noun or a verb.
eg. hand Vt.傳遞 n.手 light Vt. 點燃 n.光亮
2. Complete the exercises using the correct forms of words.
III. Grammar
1. it作代詞-- 代人或物
eg. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技術(shù)的目的是使生活變得更簡單;而不是更困難.
If you go by highway, it will take you less time. 如果走高速公路，會少用時間。
I’d appreciate it if you could tell me more.如果你能在多講些我將十分感激。
2. it作形式主
eg. It takes skills to play the piano very well. 彈一手好鋼琴需要功夫。
It costs so much to rent the flat. 租一套公寓要花很多錢。
It is easy for the computer to make the connection between two places. 計算機使兩地聯(lián)系變的容易。
3. it作形式賓語
eg. People should make it a rule never to swim too far out from the beach.
應該規(guī)定人們不要在離海灘距離太遠的地方游泳。
Spring festival doesn’t mean it to Americans. 美國人不過春節(jié)。
I take it for granted that we have no school on Saturday.星期六我們不上學我認為是當然的了。
4. it在強調(diào)句式結(jié)構(gòu)中作強調(diào)詞
eg. It was only when I pointed it out that he began to realize the mistake.是我指出來后他才意識到錯誤.
It was I who said that.說那話的是我。
It is said that he is an important person. 聽說他是位要人。
It is believed that he died in the traffic accident. 大家相信他死于車禍。
It’s fun watching football game in stadium. 在體育場看足球賽很有意思。
5. 含it結(jié)構(gòu)的習慣表達
eg. It doesn’t matter. 不要緊。沒關(guān)系。
It’s not my fault. 這不是我的錯。
It’s time I went and picked up my little daughter. 我該去接我的小女兒了。
6. 要點例釋
[例1 ] It’s wise of you to give up smoking.你要戒煙, 你真聰明.
It was lucky of us to live in a comfortable house.我們住在一所舒適的房子真是幸運.
It was foolish of me not to have gone earlier to my doctor. 我沒有早點看醫(yī)生,真笨.
[釋析] 評論某種行為或活動和經(jīng)歷時用: it is + adj. + of + 主詞 + to do
[例1] It was careless of you to leave the suitcase in the taxi ! 你把箱子丟在出租汽車上真是太大意了.
[比較] It is possible for you to give up smoking. 你有可能把煙戒掉.
[例2 ] Is it all right for her to attend the interview ? 請她出席訪談好嗎 ?
用it 后接all right或okay 表示發(fā)出某種邀請或指示.
[例3 ] It is necessary to get control of your time. 控制好時間是必要的.
It’s important for you to come straight to the office. 你必須直接到辦公室來.
[釋析] 由 it引出, 后接is important, necessary等形容詞, 接that從句的句子表示個事情的重要性和必要性.
[例4] It’s doubtful whether I shall stop or continue. 是停下來還是繼續(xù)走,我沒想好。
評論即將提及的事實,事件或情況, 用it + be + 補足語+事實that clause
7. 例句學習
it指人或物
(1) -Who is making so much noise ? 誰在吵鬧那么大聲 ？
-It must be the children. 準是孩子們。
(2) How beautiful the city it is ! 多么美麗的城市呀 ！
(3) I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it. 我想要點中國清茶。
(4) A newspaper should give current news as it happens.報紙應該報道剛剛發(fā)生的時事新聞。
(5) You promised to write the article, you must do it. 你必須寫，你答應寫一篇文章的。
(6)Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it wouldn’t help.
湯姆的母親常常對他說要好好學習，但沒有用。
(7) Believe it or not, he came home drunk last night.他昨晚是喝醉酒回家的,信不信由你。
(8) Nothing is serious, is it ? 沒有那么嚴重，是吧 ？
(9) I ought to have got the letter yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.昨天我就該收到這封信,可是信沒來。
it 指天氣，時間，距離和狀態(tài)
(1) The stars came out as soon as it was dark. 天剛黑，星星就出來了。
(2) It promises to be fine tomorrow. 明天可望是晴天。
(3) It never rains but it pours. 禍不單行。
(4) It is the wind shaking the window. 是風搖動了窗子。
(5) It is nearly ten days since I was in Paris. 我離開巴黎大約有十天了。
(6) It is about a miles from home to school. 學校距離我家約有一英里。
(7) It is always noisy here ! 這里的環(huán)境很嘈雜。
IV Practice
1.It took us over an hour ________ along the street.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked
2.I think it a great honour _______ to visit your country.
A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to be invited
3.Many people now make_______ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A. themselves B. it C. that D. this
4. ________ is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree.
A. This B. What C. That D. It
5.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel,________ ?
A. don't they B. does it C. do they D. doesn't it
6.Someone is at the door, who is_______ ?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
7.-It is raining cats and dogs. - ____________. .
A. So it is B. So is it C. Neither it is D. Neither is it
8.-My home is in that tall building over there. - __________ ?
A. Can it see B. Can see it C. Can be seen it D. Can it be seen
9. _________ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.
A. It is B. It was C. It has been D. It had been
10.-Has the boy got his bicycle now? -Yes, the police gave_________. .
A. him to him B. it to it C. it to him D. him to it
11.-Boy, ____. -It is, looks like spring is coming soon. -Yeah, It'll just be a few more weeks.
A. it's really a nice day today, isn't it?
B. what kind of weather are we going to have today?
C. do you think it is going to rain today? D. what' it like outside today?
12.It is important ________ their offer.
A. reject B. rejects C. to reject D. rejecting
13.Has ________ been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?
A. that B. this C. it D. what
14.-Did Li Lei call me while I was out? -Yes, it was ________ that called you.
A. him B. he C. who D. whom
15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _________ ?
A. isn't it B. is that C. is it D. isn't that
16.I don't know ________ makes her afraid of having her business discussed.
A. what it is about Mary that B. that is it abut Mary what
C. what is it about Mary that D. that is about Mary what
17.Which sentence is wrong?
A.I felt it impossible for him to take the exam.
B.I found it impossible that he might take the exam.
C.I thought that he might not take the exam.
D.In my opinion he might take the exam.
18.I don't think _____difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years A. that B. it C. too D. very
19.It's the second time you _______ late this week.
A. arrive B. arrived C. have arrived D. had arrived
20.It will not be_______ we meet again.
A. long before B. before long C. soon after D. shortly after
KEY: 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
Period 6 Integrating skills
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following:
root ivory, jade, site, climate, mask, accompany, warmly, precious, triangle, dig up, remind…of, belong to
2. Train the students’ integrating skills,
Teaching Methods:
1. Revision to help the students consolidate the language points of this unit.
2. Fast reading and careful reading to help the students understand the passage exactly.
3. Discussion to help the students finish the task of writing.
4. Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Procedures:
I Pre-reading activities
When talking about culture, what will you think of?
What is the definition of “root”?
What difference does it make?
II.Discussion
Roots of Chinese culture
III. Reading
Task 1
read the passage quickly and answer the questions
1. Why did Jinsha village become famous all over China in 2001?
2. How did Sanxingdui first discovered?
Answers:
1. Because archaeologists discovered more than a thousand cultural relics, including gold, jade, bronze and stone objects as well as nearly a ton of ivory. These will serve as the important materials for the study of local geography, climate and environment in ancient times. Many of the relics there look very much like those found at Sanxingdui. Archaeologists now think that the Jinsha Ruins may have been the political and cultural centre of the ancient Shu Kingdom, which moved from Sanxingdui to Chengdu about 3,000 years age.
2. In the spring of 1929, a farmer in today’s Nanxing Town was working in the fields when his son dug up a round piece of jade. They found a hole filled with more than 400 jade objects.
Task 2
Read the whole passage carefully again and then answer some detailed questions
1. Who was the first to discover the Jinsha Ruins and when?
2. Before the Jinsha Ruins was found, archaeologists believed how long the history of Sichuan was?
3. Since 1929, what have been unearthed in Sanxingdui Ruins Site?
4. What do archaeologists hope to discover in the future?
Answers:
1. On February 8, 2001, construction workers from a local company found ivory and jade in the mud when they were building road there.
2. Before the discoveries in the Jinsha Ruins, it was believed that Sichuan only had a history of about 2,300 years.
3. Since 1929, more that 10,000 relics dating back to between 5,000BC and 3,000BC have been discovered. 53 holes were dug up and over 1,200 pieces, including bronze and gold masks, bronze objects and images, jade and ivory had been found,
4. They hope to discover some of the mysterious palaces, tombs of kings and bronze and jade workshops.
IV Post-Reading Activities
1. Read the passage again and fill in the chart below
Sanxingdui ruins site Jinsha ruins site
Place Today’s Nanxing Town Jinsha village near Chengdu, in southwest Sichuan province
Time February 8, 2001 Spring of 1929
Who Farmers working in the field Construction workers building roads
Objects found Jade objects, bronze and gold masks, bronze objects and images, jade, ivory, etc Ivory, jade, gold, bronze, stone objects, animal bones, a gold mask, etc
Date back to 5000 BC and 3000BC 3000 years ago(1000 BC)
2. Thinking Carefully
Work in pairs. Use information from the article and your own ideas to ask and answer the questions raised by yourselves.
Example: If you were Yan Kaizong, would you keep all the jade, gold, bronze and stone objects? Why or why not?
3. Discussion
The cultural relics really are regarded as a miracle in the world. They have showed off their charms and fascinated people all over the world. Experts say that the excavation of the ruins is of great significance for the study of the history and culture of a country. As a citizen, what should we do to protect them?
V language points
1. root n（家庭的）根;根基vi.生根成長 vt.種植某物rooted adj.有根的;根深蒂固的
eg: the root of a tree樹根 pull up a plant by the roots把植物連根拔起
Many Americans have roots in Europe.許多美國人祖籍在歐洲。
the root of a hair發(fā)根 the root of the problem問題的根源
Money is often said to be the root of all evil.金錢常常被說成是萬惡之源。
This type of plant roots easily.這種植物容易生根成長。
May is the best season to root certain vegetables.五月是播種某些蔬菜的最佳季節(jié)。
a story firmly rooted in reality常常扎根于現(xiàn)實的小說
2. site位置，遺址，地基 地點，現(xiàn)場 vt.選定（建筑物）用地，設址
eg: the site of an old palace古宮殿的遺址 the site of the battle戰(zhàn)場
Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.救護人員急速趕到飛機墜毀的現(xiàn)場。
Is it safe to site the power-station here?把發(fā)電廠建在這里安全嗎？
3. mask n. 面具；面罩 vt. 用作掩蓋的事物；掩飾；偽裝
eg. put on a mask戴假面具，隱瞞真相
throw off the mask 脫下面具；亮出真面目
Her sociable manner is really a mask for a very shy nature.
她那好交際的作風，實際上是她靦腆天性的偽裝。
The thief masked his face with a stocking. 那賊套上長筒襪遮住臉。
This perfume won’t mask the unpleasant smell. 這種香水遮不住那股難聞的氣味。
mask one’s fear by a show of confidence 裝出有信心的樣子來掩飾內(nèi)心的恐懼
4. accompany vt.伴隨某人；陪伴 .與某物同時存在或發(fā)生 為某人伴奏
eg. I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。
Strong winds accompanied by heavy rain.狂風夾著暴雨。
She accompanied the singer on the piano.她彈鋼琴為那位歌手伴奏。
5. precious adj 貴重的；寶貴的 可愛的；珍貴的
eg. Nothing is precious than time.世上最寶貴的莫過于光陰。
precious memories珍貴的回憶
Every child is precious to its parents.每個小孩子都是父母的寶貝。
6. dig up挖掘；墾地 掘出，掘到
eg. He is digging up land for a new garden.他為建一個新花園而墾地。
An old Greek Statue was dug up here last month.上個月在這挖出一尊古希臘雕像。
8. have a history of…有……年的歷史
eg: China has a history of over 5,000 years.中國有5，000多年的歷史。
9. cover an area of…占地
eg: Our school covers an area of 100 mu. 我們學校占地100畝。
Phrases Unit 20
1.date back to 追溯到
2.on one’s left side 左側(cè)
3.give sb an idea 給某人一個想法
4.a piece of clothing 一件衣飾
5.next to 緊結(jié)著
6.a variety of 許多，種類繁多的
7.for these reasons 由于這些原因
8.come from a place not very far 來自一個不太遠的地方
9.weigh four tons on average 平均重達4噸
10.It’s a mystery how sb did sth 某人如何完成某事是個謎
11.be linked to 與…聯(lián)系
12.have a hand in doing sth 參與做某事
13.since then 自從那以后
14.a large quantity of 大量的
15.remind sb of 提醒某人某事
16.have a history of 有…長的歷史
17.in the spring of 1929 在1929年的春天18.warmly receive sb 熱情接待某人
19.cover a vast area of 12 square kilometers 覆蓋了12平方千米的廣大面積
20.a danger to 對…是個危害
21.get damaged or lost 遭到損壞或丟失
22.a matter of education 一個關(guān)于教育的問題
23. tell what is to be done 告知將要做什么
24.consist of 組成
25.further damage 更進一步的毀壞
26. make sb come for nothing 使某人來卻一無所獲
27.develop/take a real interest in 對…產(chǎn)生真正的興趣
28.result in導致，造成的結(jié)果
29. weigh one’s own interest against… 拿某人自己的利益與…相衡量
30. cause the loss of 導致…的損失
31.look very much like 看起來非常象
32.make sb a man of distinction 使某人成為一個卓越的人
Student’s sheet
Words
1.考古學
2.好奇(心);古玩;珍品
3.裝飾,裝潢
4.發(fā)掘;揭露
5.矛;梭鏢
6.人工制品
7.皇帝
8.中心的;中央的
9.武士;勇士
10.針
11.銅
12.發(fā)現(xiàn)(物)
13.耳環(huán)
14.泥土
15.箭
16.弓
17.坐墊
18.(總稱)陶器
19.備用的;額外的
20.技術(shù)的
21.根源;根
22.氣候
23.象
24.玉
25.面具
26.陪伴
27.熱情地
28.珍貴的
29.三角形
30.聯(lián)系
31.地位
32.卡車
33.祖國
34.平均的
35.遙遠的
36.偏遠的
37.數(shù)量
38.一打
39.厘米
40.泥土
41.鍋
42.巨大的
43.武器
44.陶器
45.差別
Phrases:
1.追溯到
2. 左側(cè)
3. 給某人一個想法
4.一件衣飾
5 緊結(jié)著
6.許多，種類繁多的
7. 由于這些原因
8.來自一個不太遠的地方
9.平均重達4噸
10. 某人如何完成某事是個謎
11. 與…聯(lián)系
12參與做某事
13.自從那以后
14. 大量的
15提醒某人某事
16. 有…長的歷史
17.在1929年的春天
18. 熱情接待某人
19. 覆蓋了12平方千米的廣大面積
20 對…是個危害
21遭到損壞或丟失
22 一個關(guān)于教育的問題
23. 告知將要做什么
24組成
25.更進一步的毀壞
26.使某人來卻一無所獲
27. 對…產(chǎn)生真正的興趣
28.導致，造成的結(jié)果
29. 拿某人自己的利益與…相衡量
30. 導致…的損失
31看起來非常象
32.使某人成為一個卓越的人