主語(yǔ)教案
第一章 主語(yǔ)
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解什么是主語(yǔ)，什么可以作主語(yǔ)，從而減少學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言使用中，尤其是書面表達(dá)（短文、中譯英）中的錯(cuò)誤。
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
動(dòng)名詞、不定式和主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)及要注意的事項(xiàng)。
三、教學(xué)方法
Teacher
1．
A．You are wanted on the phone.
B．John has three sisters. Mary is the cleverest of the three.
C．---- What makes you so upset?
----Losing the wallet.
D．It's no use crying over spilt milk.
E．To see is to believe.
F．It is possible to fly to the moon by spaceship.
G．Whether he comes or not doesn't matter．
H．It is well known that the moon has no light of its own.
I．It is not known where the meeting was held.
2．動(dòng)名詞與不定式都可在句子中作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般來說指的是一個(gè)概念或一個(gè)既成事實(shí)。如上邊的例句C，問及什么令你感到不快時(shí)，回答說是Losing my wallet。完整的句子應(yīng)當(dāng)是：Losing my wallet makes me so upset．再如：Teaching English is my job. Teaching English 是一個(gè)概念名詞，而不是一個(gè)動(dòng)作。
3．當(dāng)一個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們常用It作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)--動(dòng)詞不定式放到句子后邊。這樣的句型還用在It's…for sb. to do…It's…of sb. to do…中。如果It's后邊的形容詞與人的天資、秉性有關(guān)時(shí)，必須用It's…of sb. to do…；這類形容詞包括 good, bad, clever, stupid, wise, foolish, cruel, mean 等。
如果It's后邊的形容詞與人的天資、秉性無關(guān)時(shí)，則要用It's… for sb. to do…。
4．It is well-known to all that + clause It is known that + clause
It is said that＋clause
It is believed that＋clause
It is reported that＋clause
以上五個(gè)句型中It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。在這樣的主語(yǔ)從句中that不能省略，就其本質(zhì)講，用That…is well-known；That…is said也是可以的。但是經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期使用，上述五個(gè)句型已經(jīng)被固定下來。分別被用來表示眾所周知、據(jù)說、據(jù)報(bào)道、據(jù)傳等。
5．In the following, we must use gerunds. They are:
It's no use doing…
It's no good doing…
It's useless doing…
A．與他保持密切聯(lián)系沒有用處。
B．與他爭(zhēng)執(zhí)沒有用處。
6．In familiar speech, the subject is sometimes left out when it is a pronoun. We call it omission of the subject.
A．I thank you.
B．I never heard of it.
C．It looks like it.
D．It sounds like common sense to me.
E．It serves him right.
Students
1．What can be a subject? From the sentences（on the left）we can see that, pronoun, noun, gerund or gerund phrase, infinitive, infinitive clause, can be a subject.
The grammatical subject of a sentence is often a noun or a pronoun. The infinitive, the gerund and the subject clause are often found in the subject-relation, but they are generally represented by the“preparatory it”, and the real subject is put at the end of the sentence.
2．We know that the gerund and the infinitive can be the subject in a sentence. What's the difference between them?
若說動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)指一個(gè)概念或一個(gè)事實(shí)的話，那么不定式作主語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)指一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作。因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖旧砭捅硎疽粋�(gè)具體動(dòng)作，可能發(fā)生或可能還沒發(fā)生。
A．Losing my wallet makes me upset.
主語(yǔ) Losing my wallet 是件事而不是動(dòng)作。
B．To do that sort of thing is necessary.
主語(yǔ)To do that sort of thing 是要去做的事，或要做的動(dòng)作。
3．As is pointed above, when an infinitive phrase is used as the subject, we often use“It”to represent the infinitive phrase and put the real subject at the end of the sentence. Sentence F if just an example. What else should we know about it?
A．It's mean of you to eat all the peaches.
B．It's clever of you to work out the maths problem.
C．It's wrong of you to tell lies.
D．It's important for us to learn English well.
E．It's necessary for Li Ming to attend the lecture given by Professor Liu.
4．A．眾所周知?dú)W式足球風(fēng)靡全世界80余個(gè)國(guó)家。
It's well-known that European football is played in over 80 countries.
B．據(jù)說羅伯特在國(guó)外留過學(xué)，但我不知道他在哪個(gè)國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)過。
It's said that Robert once studied abroad; but I don't know what country he studied in.
C．據(jù)說是中國(guó)人最早發(fā)明指南針的。
It's believed that Chinese first invented the compass.
D．中國(guó)正在日益富強(qiáng)起來是個(gè)事實(shí)。
It is a fact that China is getting richer and stronger.
5．We can put both sentences into English, using the three patterns.
A．It's no use keeping in close touch with him.
It's no good keeping in close touch with him.
It's useless keeping in close touch with him.
B．It's no use arguing with him.
It's no good arguing with him.
It's useless arguing with him.
6．In spoken English we often hear sentences like this:
A．Thank you.
B．Never heard of it.
C．Looks like it.
D．Sounds like common sense to me.
E．Serves him right.
How can we an alyse these sentences?
四、精選題
1．We wrote a letter of thanks to ______ had helped us. [ ]
A．who
B．those
C．whom
D．whoever
2．Tom's mother kept telling him that he mustn't smoke，but _____ didn't help. [ ]
A．he B．which
C．it D．they
3．____ you don't like him is none of my business. [ ]
A．What B．If
C．That D．Whether
4．Just after finishing writing the composition, _____. [ ]
A．the doorbell rang loud
B．Nancy heard the doorbell rang
C．someone knocked at the door
D．the doorbell was rung
5．----The exam was easy, wasn't it? [ ]
----Yes, but I don't think _____ could pass it.
A．somebody
B．a(chǎn)nybody
C．nobody
D．everybody
6．They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy. [ ]
A．There B．It
C．That D．They
7．I'm sure the Olympic Games will be held in 2008 in China, _______? [ ]
A．won't it B．won't they
C．shall we D．a(chǎn)ren't I
8．While watching TV, _______. [ ]
A．the boy came in
B．my mother was cooking
C．I heard a terrible noise
D．the doorbell rang
9．He's late,_____ is often the case. [ ]
A．a(chǎn)s B．what
C．it D．this
10．It was the training that he has as a young man _____ led to his success. [ ]
A．that B．it
C．which D．who
11．______ about the history of that part because there is not enough written information. [ ]
A．People know nothing
B．Much is known
C．People know a lot
D．Little is known
答案：1～5 DCCBD 6～11 BBCAAA