第二章 主謂一致
句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和句子的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)在數(shù)方面保持一致。主謂一致的基本原則是：主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。句子的主語(yǔ)有以下幾種類型：
1．帶后置定語(yǔ)型。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，與后置定語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)。
（together）with …
except / but …
S + besides … V
rather than …
as well as …
A library together with a lot of books has been given to our school as a gift.
Two pilots as well as all the passengers were killed in this plane crash.
兩個(gè)飛行員連同所有旅客都死于這次空難。
2．部分-整體型。其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)，由整體部分決定。
70 percent
two-thirds
part of the / one’s + n +V
half （整體）
all
the rest
1）About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
2）Part of the books are worth reading, but the rest（of them）are of no value.
※注：all單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，All指人謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。All指物或事情謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
1）All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于達(dá)成協(xié)議。
2）All is going well. 一切都進(jìn)展順利。
3．定語(yǔ)僅能修飾單數(shù)名詞型，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Each / Every
Either / Neither
Another + n（單數(shù)）+ V
Many a
More than one
More than one graduate wants to go to work in Western China.
不止一個(gè)畢業(yè)生要求去中國(guó)西部工作。
Many a day has passed since the boy was lost. 那個(gè)男孩失蹤已有許多天。
4．就近一致型。下列連詞連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，及there be句型有多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
A or B 1）Either you or I am to meet them at the station.
Either A or B 不是你就是我要去車(chē)站接他們。
Neither A nor B 2）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.
Not only A but also B 3）There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office.
There be A, B and C 在他辦公室有一臺(tái)空調(diào)和二臺(tái)電腦。
5．需記住的其他規(guī)則
Either
1）Neither of + n 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
Each
None of + n（復(fù)數(shù)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。
None of + n（單數(shù)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
Either of the answers is right. 兩個(gè)答案中有一個(gè)是對(duì)的。
None of the cars was / were damaged. 這些車(chē)都沒(méi)有受損。
None of the food has gone bad. 食物沒(méi)有變質(zhì)。
2）a number of + n（復(fù)數(shù)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
the number of + n（復(fù)數(shù)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
A large number of students are from the south. 很多學(xué)生是南方人。
The number of students in our school has gone up to 3000.
我校學(xué)生數(shù)已上升到3000人。
3）關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于其先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian.
他是精通意大利語(yǔ)的少數(shù)人之一。
在以上句子中，persons是who的先行詞，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
（比較）He is the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
他是這些孩子中唯一受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。
當(dāng)one之前有the only修飾時(shí)，one是who的先行詞，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
4）單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞，不定式或主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞，不定式或主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
When and where to hold the meeting isn’t decided yet.（一個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ)）
What I say and what I think are none of your business.
我說(shuō)什么，想什么與你無(wú)關(guān)。（兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)）
5）each, any, every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞都當(dāng)作單數(shù)看待。
Someone is asking you on the phone. 有人在打電話找你。
注：復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常用they，也可用he。
Everyone was present at the meeting, weren’t they / wasn’t he ?
Someone has known the news, haven’t they / hasn’t he ?
6）以“s”結(jié)尾的書(shū)刊名、國(guó)名、機(jī)構(gòu)名和學(xué)科名作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
The United Nations was set up in 1942. 聯(lián)合國(guó)建于1942年。
The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是喬叟寫(xiě)的。
Economics is my major. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是我的主修課程。
7）某些形容詞或分詞和定冠詞the連用表示某類人作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到醫(yī)治，失蹤的也已找回來(lái)了。
8）由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
English and Chinese are quite different languages.
若and并列的主語(yǔ)在意義上指同一個(gè)人，同一概念或?qū)α⒔y(tǒng)一的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The manager and secretary is as busy as a bee all day. 那位經(jīng)理兼秘書(shū)整天忙忙碌碌。（兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞，指同一個(gè)人）
War and peace is a contant theme in history. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是歷史永恒的主題。（對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的一對(duì)事物）
9）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如deer, means；集合名詞如family作主語(yǔ)，如何決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，請(qǐng)見(jiàn)第四章冠詞。
Exercise 1 主謂一致
1．I, who your friend, will try my best to help you.
A．be B．a(chǎn)m C．is D．a(chǎn)re
2．The United States must look out of the rights of citizens.
A．its B．their C．ours D．us
3．So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.
A．is B．has C．a(chǎn)re D．have
4．Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble.
A．causes B．puts C．cause D．put
5．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, not able to solve the problem. A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．is D．a(chǎn)m
6．There one or two things that I have to mention.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has D．have
7． Either I or my accountant（會(huì)計(jì)） to blame for the loss ?
A．Is B．Are C．Am D．Does
8．So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty（貧困）with the help of the local government.
A．has got B．a(chǎn)re getting C．have got D．had got
9．Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years.
A．became B．becomes C．has become D．have become
10．Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive（積極的）results to be seen.
A．remain B．is remained C．remains D．have remained
11．Too much work and too little rest bad health.
A．lead to B．leads to C．result in D．result from
12．He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.
A．make their B．makes his C．express their D．express
13．Every possible means tried, but without much result.
A．has been B．have been C．a(chǎn)re D．is
14．Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A．seem B．look C．seems D．looks
15．All we have seen and heard our memory.
A．is deeply impressed on B．great impress
C．a(chǎn)re strongly impressed in D．highly impresses
1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA