期末專題輔導(dǎo)--含有動(dòng)詞不定式的句式歸納
動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）在句中可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，賓補(bǔ)，狀語，還可以和疑問詞連用，作句子的主語，賓語，表語等。與動(dòng)詞不定式有關(guān)的句式也很多，常見的含有動(dòng)詞不定式的句式主要有以下幾種：
一.
It takes sb. some time （money）to do sth.
某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間（金錢）做某事。例如：
1. It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evening.
每天晚上我常常用半小時(shí)看電視。
2. It took me ten yuan to buy the book last week.
上周我花了10元買那本書。
3. How long will it take them to finish the work?
完成那項(xiàng)工作需要花費(fèi)他們多少時(shí)間？
在使用該句式要注意的是：sb. 如果代詞表示用賓格；take隨時(shí)態(tài)改變；句中的時(shí)間用段時(shí)間，對此提問用how long。
例：It takes us more than two hours to do our homework every day.
It took us more than two hours to do our homework yesterday.
It will take us more than two hours to do our homework tomorrow.
How long did it take you to do your homework yesterday?
二. It’s time to do sth. 該做某事了，同義句為：
It’s time for sth. / doing sth. 例：
It’s time to go to school. 該上學(xué)了。
（It’s time for school.）
It’s time to get up. 該起床了。
（It’s time for getting up.）
此句可以擴(kuò)展為：It’s time for sb. to do sth.
是某人做某事的時(shí)間了。
for sb. to do sth. 是動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：
It’s time for me to work.
到我工作的時(shí)間了。
It’s time for you to go to school.
到你們上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。
三. 主語＋be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth.
（某人、某物）足夠（不能）做某事。例：
The boy is old enough to go to school.
這個(gè)孩子到了上學(xué)年齡。
I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.
我夠高能夠到樹頂。
*1. 此句是肯定句時(shí)，可以用主＋be＋so＋adj.＋that的句型（即so…,that…表示的結(jié)果狀語從句）來替換。
The boy is so old that he can go to school.
I’m so tall that I can reach the top of the tree.
2. 此句是否定句式時(shí)，既可以用so…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句來替換，還可以用too…to…句式替換。例：
He is not old enough to go to work.
他太小不能去上班。
He is so young that he can’t go to work.
He is too young to go to work. 再如：
The box is not light enough for me to carry.
這個(gè)箱子太重我搬不動(dòng)。
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
四. sb. +be ready + to do sth. （某人樂意做某事）
He is always ready to help others.
（他總是樂于幫助別人）
I’m always ready to make new friends.
我總是樂于結(jié)交新朋友。
五. It’s +adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.
對某人來說做某事…例：
It’s dangerous for children to play football in the street.
對孩子來說在街上踢足球是很危險(xiǎn)的。
It’s good for us to take more exercise.
對我們來說多運(yùn)動(dòng)是有益的。
It’s very kind of you to say so.
你這樣說真是太好了。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你真好，肯幫我。
該句式中，引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語的介詞用for還是of，主要取決于前面的形容詞。如果形容詞是描述動(dòng)詞不定式的行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的。如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, clever, careless, foolish等，應(yīng)用of；如果形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對動(dòng)詞不定式的行為者的品質(zhì)進(jìn)行評價(jià)的，就用for. 常見這類形容詞有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等。
It’s wrong of you to do it.
你做這件事是錯(cuò)的。
It’s hard for you to be a lawyer.
對你來說做律師很困難。
六. 主+would like / love to do sth. …喜歡（想做某事）
I’d like to go there with you.
我很想和你一起去那。
I’d love I like to help you study English.
我很愿意幫你學(xué)英語。
此句式還可以擴(kuò)展為：
would like / love sb. to do sth.
“喜歡/想讓某人做某事。”
I’d like you to stay here.
我想讓你留在這。
I’d like them to help me.
我想讓他們幫助我。
七. had better do sth. （…最好做…）
It’s very cold outside, you’d better put on your coat.
外面很冷，你最好穿上大衣。
We’d better go right now.
我們最好馬上去。
…h(huán)ad better do 的否定式為…h(huán)ad better not do. （在better后加not即可）例：
You’d better not speak when your mouth is full of food.
滿嘴食物時(shí)你最好別講話。
八. Why don’t you +動(dòng)詞原形+…？（Why not＋動(dòng)詞原形…？）你為什么不…？
這本書有點(diǎn)難，為什么不讀些容易的？
This book is a bit hard, why not read something easier?
It’s warm here, why don’t you take off your coat?
這很暖和，你為什么不脫掉外衣？
There is a seat, why not sit down?
還有座位，怎么不坐下？
九. Would / Will / Could you please ＋動(dòng)詞原形＋…？
請你…好嗎？（用來請求對方為自己做某件事）
Would you please bring some water with you?
請你帶點(diǎn)水來好嗎？
Will you please help her with her maths?
請你幫她學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)好嗎？
十. …prefer …to do sth. rather than do sth. …寧愿…也不愿…
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我寧愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。
She prefers to be poor rather than get money in such a way.
她寧愿受窮也不愿以這種方式掙錢。
十一. It’s one’s turn to do sth.
該輪到誰做某事了。
one’s用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格來替換。例：
It’s my turn to be on duty.
該輪到我值日了。
It’s Li Ping’s turn to clean the blackboard.
該輪到李平擦黑板了。
It’s our turn to do the cleaning.
該輪到我們做掃除了。
It’s Danny’s turn to give a talk.
該輪到Danny做報(bào)告了。
十二. 主語＋be＋形容詞＋to do sth. …做某事如何。例：
I’m sorry to hear that.
聽到這事很難過。
I’m glad to see you again.
再次見到你我很高興。
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：35分鐘）
一. 選擇填空：
1. So much work usually makes them _______ very tired.
A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel
2. Many boys and girls are made ______ what they’re not ______.
A. to do, interested B. to do, interested in
C. do, interested in D. doing, interested
3. He asked me ______ to his birthday party.
A. to go B. go C. goes D. went
4. The teacher told the students _______ in class.
A. not talk B. don’t talk
C. didn’t talk D. not to talk
5. I didn’t go to bed until I finished ______ my homework.
A. to do B. doing C. did D. do
6. He doesn’t feel like ________ anything today.
A. to eat B. eating C. eat D. ate
7. We saw him __________ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter（進(jìn)入） B. enter
C. entering D. entered
8. When I was walking in the street. I saw a plane ______ over my head.
A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly
9. Stop _________ so much noise! Father is working at the desk.
A. to make B. making C. to hear D. hearing
10. You must be very tired. Why not _______ a rest?
A. to stop to have B. to stop having
C. stop to have D. stop having
11. －I’m sorry, I ______ my homework at home.
－That’s all right. Don’t forget ________ it to school this afternoon.
A. forget, to take B. forget, bring
C. left, to take D. left, to bring
12. －Where’s my letter, Mum?
－You posted it yesterday.
－Oh, I really forget ______ it.
A. post B. posts C. to post D. posting
13. I really don’t know _______ about it.
A. what to do B. how to
C. to do what D. how can I do
14. You’d better ________ his computer. Mine is broken.
A. use B. uses C. to use D. using
15. You’d better ________ football in the street.
A. not play B. playing C. not to play D. play
16. －______ you like to go shopping with me?
－Yes, I _______.
A. Would, would B. Will, will like
C. Would, would love D. Would, would love to
17. The doctor often tells him _______ more exercise.
A. to take B. taking C. taken D. take
18. Would you please tell Kate ______ my best wishes to everybody.
A. gave B. giving C. to give D. gives
19. Cranny asked Li Feng _______ some shopping for her.
A. do B. does C. to do D. did
20. My friend Kate asked me _______ to the zoo with her.
A. go B. to go C. went D. going
21. The teacher often tells Jim and John ______ too much time playing video games.
A. not to spend B. to not spend
C. don’t spend D. doesn’t spend
22. Her mother told her ________ in bed.
A. not read B. not to read
C. don’t read D. to not read
23. Most of the children enjoy ________ computer games.
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
24. Children always enjoy _______ picture-books.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
25. －Would you mind ________ a few minutes?
－No, not at all.
A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting
26. Thank you for _______ me with my English.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
27. Here’s your hat. Don’t forget _________ when you _______.
A. to put it on, leave B. to wear it, leave
C. to put on it, leave D. putting it on, will leave
28. He found it hard _______ his class.
A. to catch up B. catch up with
C. catch D. to catch up with
29. No one told us _______, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
30. Uncle Wang can make his kite ________ higher in the sky.
A. fly B. flies C. to fly D. flying
二. 翻譯句子：
1. 你最好不要躺在床上看書。
2. 昨天我花了兩小時(shí)做家務(wù)
3. 你太小不懂這個(gè)
4. 對我們來說學(xué)好英語很難。
5. 為什么不去問問老師呢？
6. 他寧可呆在家里也不去看電影。
【試題答案】
一.
1－5 DBADB 6－10 BBBBC
11－15 DDAAA 16－20 DACCB
21－25 ABBCD 26－30 CADCA
二. 1. You’d better not read in bed.
2. It took me two hours to do housework yesterday.
3. You are too young to understand this.
4. It’s hard for us to learn English well.
5. Why not go and ask the teacher?
6. He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the movie.