王青
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語（15）
control n. 控制
smoke n. 煙
desolate adj. 荒涼的
threaten v. 威脅
surrounding adj. 周圍的
destruction n. 破壞，毀滅
flood n. 洪水，水災(zāi)
authority n. （常用復(fù)數(shù)）當(dāng)局
grass-seed n. 草籽
spray v. 噴撒
quantity n. 量
root n. 根
century n. 世紀(jì)
patch n. 小片
blacken v. 變黑，發(fā)暗
★control n. 控制
in control 在控制之內(nèi)
under control 在控制之下,被控制
out of control 失控
control sth.
I can control it. =I can manage it. 我能對(duì)付(口語)
under arrest 被逮捕
★smoke n. 煙（霧）
full of smoke 充滿煙霧
smokey adj. 多煙的（名詞加-y, 變?yōu)樾稳菰~）
smokey area 吸煙區(qū)； nonsmokey area 禁煙區(qū)
rain – rainy ； cloud - cloudy
smoker n. 抽煙的人
heavy smoker 煙癮重的人； nonsmoker 不抽煙的人
smoke v. 吸煙
Don't smoke! = No smoking!
He smoked heavily.
smoking area / smoking room 吸煙室
smoking apartment 火車上的吸煙車廂
cigarette = cigar n. 香煙
★desolate adj. 荒涼的
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新概念英語第二冊(cè)筆記
desolate adj. 荒涼的（與地方相連，表示無人居住, 荒無人煙的）；極度孤獨(dú)的(與人相連時(shí))
lonely adj. 孤獨(dú)的，荒涼的，偏僻的（與地方連表示孤零零的，但并不表示無人居�。�
★threaten v. 威脅的
threaten to do sth. 威脅著要做……（與人相連）；有跡象表明……
It threatened to rain. 有跡象表明天要下雨了。
threaten sb. with sth. 以……來威脅/恐嚇某人
The thief threatened him with a knife.
The whole village is threatened with destruction.
★surrounding adj. 周圍的
surroundings n. 環(huán)境(在周邊的事物)
atmosphere n. 大氣層, 氛圍(在周邊的人文環(huán)境)
★destruction n. 破壞, 毀滅
destroy v. 破壞
destructive adj. 毀滅性的
construct v. 建設(shè)(為……創(chuàng)造更好的條件)
construction n. 建設(shè), 建筑
construction bank 建設(shè)銀行
constructive adj. 建設(shè)性的(意見)
build v. 建設(shè)(具體的建某物)
★flood n. 洪水, 水災(zāi)
flood = floods 都對(duì)，都可以用，無區(qū)別
★authority n. 當(dāng)局(常用復(fù)數(shù)authorities)
authority n. 權(quán)威（單數(shù)）
★spray v. 噴撒
spray sth. over/on 往……上噴灑
spray water over/on flower
spray grass-seed over/on the ground
★quantity n. （數(shù)）量
quantities of 大量的……
quality n. 質(zhì)量
sth. with good quality 具有好質(zhì)量的東西
★root n. 根
What is the root cause? 根本原因是什么？
root of… ……的根
take root 生根
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新概念英語第二冊(cè)筆記
come out 長出來
shoot come out 發(fā)芽（shoot n. 芽）
flower come out 開花
get out 出去
★patch n. 小片，顏色和周圍不同的部分
patch n. (平面上的)一片, 補(bǔ)丁(本意)
What is that yellow patch on the wall? 墻上那塊黃斑是什么？
a patch of 一小片；patches of 許多片
There are patches of cloud in the sky.
a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of 一片，一塊……
★blacken v. 變黑，發(fā)暗
The smoke has blacken the walls. 煙把墻熏黑了。
-en后綴表示動(dòng)詞，譯為“使……變得……”
weak adj. 虛弱的--> weaken v. 使……變?nèi)酰魅?/p>
復(fù)合詞（由兩個(gè)詞組合而成一個(gè)詞），如fireman
派生詞（加前綴或后綴的詞）如-tion -- 名詞后綴； - less -- 形容詞后綴
【Text】
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short
time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm
ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with
destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the
fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would
grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been
planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already
taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to
appear in the blackened soil.
參考譯文
消防隊(duì)員們同那場森林大火搏斗了將近3 個(gè)星期才最后把火勢(shì)控制住. 就在不久之前, 參天大樹還覆
蓋著方圓數(shù)英里的土地. 而現(xiàn)在, 發(fā)熱的地面上仍然升騰著煙霧, 彌漫在荒涼的山丘上. 冬季即將來臨, 這
些山丘對(duì)周圍的村莊具有毀滅性的威脅, 因?yàn)榇笥瓴粌H會(huì)沖走土壤, 而且還會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi). 在大火最
后被撲滅后, 森林管理當(dāng)局訂購了好幾噸一種生長迅速的特殊類型的草籽. 飛機(jī)把這種草籽大量地撒播在
地上. 飛機(jī)撒播近一個(gè)月后, 開始下起雨來. 然而到那時(shí), 很多地方的草已經(jīng)生了根. 一片片的綠草開始出
現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上, 代替了多少世紀(jì)以來一直生長在那里的參天大樹.
【課文講解】
1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
fight sth. 和……作搏斗
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新概念英語第二冊(cè)筆記
get it under control 表示“使它得到控制”，get 有“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”的含義，“get+賓語+介詞短
語”作賓補(bǔ):
The Government can no longer keep prices under control. 政府已控制不住物價(jià)。
Get the room in order.
2、A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
a short time before 和a short time ago都可以與段時(shí)間相連
a short time before 不久以前，從過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間算起，一段時(shí)間以前
a short time ago 過去某段時(shí)間，從現(xiàn)在算起，一段時(shí)間以前
for miles around 方圓幾英里（around表示“在周圍，向四周”）
This is the only modern building for miles around.
3、Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
rise up (from) 升上來
smoke rise up (煙、霧)彌漫
4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain
would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.
winter was coming on 冬季即將來臨 (季節(jié)的來臨的通用表達(dá)式)，come on的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示
的是過去將來時(shí)，它在這里表示季節(jié)的“到來，來臨”：
When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere.
I was still in the forest when night came on.
wash away 沖掉，沖走，洗掉
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
I can’t wash the spot away.
5、When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of
grass-seed which would grow quickly.
put out 撲滅
order 定購
type 強(qiáng)調(diào)與其他同類的東西有明顯不同的特征的種類，與kind有區(qū)別
6、The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
quantity單數(shù)時(shí)僅表示“數(shù)量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：
They drank a large /great /small quantity of beer last night.
quantity復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)表示“大量”：
He bought books in (large) quantities.
7、By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.
take root 表示“生根”，這個(gè)短語也可以表示某處思想/想法等“扎根”：
This type of grass takes root easily.
The idea has taken root in his mind.
8、In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had
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新概念英語第二冊(cè)筆記
begun to appear in the blackened soil.
in place of 替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空間，原來放的東西現(xiàn)在不在了)
In place of a cup , I put a vase there. 以前放的是茶杯，現(xiàn)在放的是花瓶。
Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.
instead of 替代+沒做的事
Instead of staying home, I went to school. （此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地點(diǎn)空間時(shí)，既可以用
“in place of”也可以用“instead of”。）
【Summary writing】
2 Had all the great trees been burnt or not? Was there danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods or
not? Would the floods destroy the surrounding villages or not?(Now that… which)
3 Did the forest authorities order grass-seed to prevent this or not ? For how long was it sprayed over the
ground by planes?(To prevent this…which…)
4 Did it begin to rain or not?Where had the grass taken root? (By the time that…)
2 Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods
which destroy the surrounding villages.
now that 既然； which 定語從句
3 To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for
nearly a month.
to prevent… 為了預(yù)防……
4 By the time it began to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil.
by the time(that) 到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?that 可以省略)，應(yīng)理解為“before”
【Key structures】
過去完成時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：had been +現(xiàn)在分詞
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作在過去更早的某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，并對(duì)過去某一時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來表示過去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，還可以表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論。與它
經(jīng)常連用的表示時(shí)間的詞有before，for，since，all day等。
She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.
Jill was angry. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week.
Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.
在包含間接引語的句子中，如果引述詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)要改為過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
過去完成時(shí)與過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但需要表示某個(gè)工作已經(jīng)完成時(shí)，只能用過去完成時(shí)。
When I arrived, they’d alredy put the fire out.
【Special Difficulties】
Control and Check
control
①vt. 控制，指揮，支配，管理
Don’t try to control other people.
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新概念英語第二冊(cè)筆記
② n. 控制（能力），支配（能力）
It’s hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control.
check vt. 檢查，核對(duì)，查看
They’re going to check our passports.
Great and Big
great adj. 大的(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)，偉大的，重大的，重要的
Frank has just made a great decision.
big adj. 大的(強(qiáng)調(diào)面積、體積、規(guī)模上的大)
Sam is a big man.
Soil and Ground
soil n. 泥土(能讓植物生長的)，土，土地，土壤
Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.
ground n. 地表，地面(與土壤無關(guān))，場地，土地
He threw the cup to the ground.
【Multiple choice questions】
6 The planes ____c___nearly a month to plant the seed.
a. did b. made c.took d. had
花費(fèi)時(shí)間的表達(dá)：如果人作主語用spend；用時(shí)間表達(dá)用take
9 Large ____d____of seed were used.
a. weights b. measures c. tons d. amounts
weight n. 重量；measures v. 測量；tons n. 噸（several tons）
large amounts 大量的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞
11 Patches of green had begun to appear. There was green grass ____d____.
a. every where b. only in one or two places
c. in one place d. here and there
patches許多快
everywhere每一寸土地上都長著東西
here and there 這一塊, 那一塊, 很多快, 不一定是每一寸