汕頭市六都中學(xué) 陳秀君
Teaching aim:
Knowledge aim: reading skills,
Ability aim: how to find out the main idea of the text.
Learn some ways of reading
Teaching Aids: teaching material, blackboard Multi-media computer; OHP(overhead projector); ; software:
Teaching procedure:
Step 1 leading-in
Make a survey
Some people say that it is very difficult to get the main idea. Do you agree with them?
Step2 sum up
順讀法:：先文后題, 適用于文章短,題目多。
倒讀法： 先題后文，適用于文章長，題目少。
跳讀法： “沖浪式”閱讀，粗略瀏覽文章。 適用于“圖表類、廣告類”。
（一）主旨大意類
A 、題目設(shè)置：含main idea, topic, title, headline等字眼.
1）The main/general/central/idea of the message is___.
2) which of the following statements can summarize/sum up/express
主題型 the main idea of the passage?
3) The passage mainly discuss____.
Is mainly about____.
is concerned primarily about____.
4)The best title/headline for the passage might be___.
5) Which of the following titles
標(biāo)題型 best summarize the main idea of the passage?
6)What is the best title/headline of the article?
1
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
2
Often no one looks more guilty than innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to tryto judge a person only by his appearance
3
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.
The paragraph could be entitled _________.
A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method
C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale
4
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
【例題】 Passage B(NMET2003)
Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).
The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.
Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.
59. What is mainly discussed in the text?
A. Children’s reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs.
C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.
【例題】
Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with fiveships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the
world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?
A. Magellan’s deathB. Going Around The World
C. The World Is Round D. Magellan’s Voyage
(二)詞義猜測題
猜詞技巧：
1、根據(jù)上下語境或指代關(guān)系猜測。
2、利用同義（近義）詞猜測，常見引出同義詞的標(biāo)志語有or, like, similarly等。
3、利用定義解釋或同位結(jié)構(gòu)猜測語義，常用to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely等。
4、利用轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測，常用的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, otherwise, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等.
5、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義，如常見的表否定的前綴有un-, mis-, dis-, im/in-, non-, 另外，re-（再，重復(fù)）, under-（下）, mini-（小）, en- （使）, com/con-（共同）, fore-（前、預(yù)先）, -ly, -ness, -sion, -y, -tion, -ment, -less等；
6、通過因果關(guān)系來推測語義，通常由because, so that, so/such...that等詞匯及結(jié)構(gòu)來體現(xiàn)。
7、根據(jù)限定結(jié)構(gòu)猜測語義
8、根據(jù)常識猜測語義
考題1：Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious_________.
考題2：A calender is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.
The underlined word “calender” means______。
考題3：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.
The underlined word “gregarious” means ______(A.健談的，B.開朗的，C.善交際的)
考題4：He laughed and shrugged,” I have no choice “, he said,” I must bow to the unavoidable.”
The underlined “unavoidable” stands for___
考題5：It rained, so the football match was postponed.
The underlined word “postponed” refers to______.
A . telephoned; B. reported; C. put off
考題6：She had a lesion on her arm that would not stop bleeding.
The underlined word “l(fā)esion” means_____.
A.孔 B.傷口 C.傷疤
考題7：The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the king’s baker（面包師） in pudding Lace. The baker , with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof.
The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means____.
A. home B. children C. wife and children D. wife and
（三）判斷、推理題
(A) 題目設(shè)置
推理隱含類：題干中常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, be likely to 等詞語。
① It can be inferred from the text that _____./ We may infer that_________.
②From the text we know that …is most likely____.
③When the writer talks about…, what the writer really means is ________.
④The writer suggests that_________.
⑤The story implies that_________.
⑥We can infer/conclude from the passage that_________.
推斷作者的觀點或意圖，或推斷結(jié)局， 下一步的行為等；
（1）The writer’s attitude toward…is___.
(2)The writer thought that______.
(3)According to the author____.
技巧點拔：忠實原文，立足文章的事實和線索，注意作者在文中的措辭風(fēng)格、語氣來判斷作者隱藏在字里行間的思想感情和觀點態(tài)度，即作者喜歡什么、討厭什么、贊揚什么、反對什么等。只有順著文章的思路，推理、挖掘文章的內(nèi)容含義。
小技巧：不選擇照抄原文的選項，要選擇要有 同義詞解釋的選項。
1)不選事實細節(jié)選項2)不選非事實選項3)選概括性/哲理性的選項
切忌：片面思考、選擇表層信息答案，以自己的看法或觀點代替作者的觀點看法，或者把社會普遍的一種傾向附加于作者身上。
答題誤區(qū)：容易選文段中直接表達的信息選項或片面的結(jié)論選項，易誤選吻合自己看法的選項。
【例題】
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?"
“Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B it a pleasure to make friends with he
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much
Step3 summary (2m)
綜合評價意見
本課主要給學(xué)生介紹有關(guān)閱讀理解一些相關(guān)知識和猜詞技巧，幫助學(xué)生掌握如何抓住文章主題句，如何做好推理，判斷題，克服畏怯心里。讓學(xué)生掌握本課難點，突破疑點，有的放矢迎戰(zhàn)高考。
陳秀君老師在教學(xué)過程中談笑風(fēng)生，時常與學(xué)生開展對話討論，表現(xiàn)了良好的師生關(guān)系，表現(xiàn)了她良好的教學(xué)組織能力和靈活機智。
本課主要亮點：本課設(shè)計獨特，獨具匠心，使得本課難點解決，疑點突破。執(zhí)教者能結(jié)合新課標(biāo)理念、結(jié)合高考要求、結(jié)合學(xué)生實際水平，傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)手段和現(xiàn)代多媒體教學(xué)手段相結(jié)合，恰當(dāng)合理呈現(xiàn)本課內(nèi)容。