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2024高考試卷真題
在各領(lǐng)域中,我們或多或少都會(huì)接觸到試卷,試卷是課程考核統(tǒng)計(jì)分析工作的重要組成部分,它包括試卷的信度、效度、區(qū)分度、難度四個(gè)方面。那么你知道什么樣的試卷才能有效幫助到我們嗎?下面是小編為大家收集的2024高考試卷真題,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
語(yǔ) 文
本試卷共9頁(yè)?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項(xiàng):
1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫(xiě)清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2.答題時(shí)請(qǐng)按要求用筆。
3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。
4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫(huà)出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(35分)
(一)現(xiàn)代文閱讀I(本題共5小題,19分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
材料一:
土星5號(hào)火箭升空了!
它一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)上升,龐大的身軀穩(wěn)健有力。
阿姆斯特朗、柯林斯和奧爾德林被巨大的推力緊緊摁在座位上;鸺谒麄兩硐鲁掷m(xù)上升,各級(jí)火箭按照預(yù)定程序點(diǎn)火,第一級(jí)火箭、逃逸塔、第二級(jí)火箭一一分離。繞地球軌道飛行一周后,宇航員檢查了火箭和飛船狀況。第三級(jí)火箭再次點(diǎn)火,把飛船推向更遠(yuǎn)的高空。
當(dāng)?shù)厍虮凰Φ缴砗,就是船箭分離的時(shí)候:第三級(jí)火箭前端打開(kāi),哥倫比亞號(hào)從頂端彈出。鷹號(hào)(登月艙)在火箭頂端繼續(xù)待命,這艘小飛船外形奇特,像一只蜷縮著的蜘蛛。哥倫比亞號(hào)的駕駛員柯林斯,讓飛船慢慢轉(zhuǎn)身!案鐐惐葋啞迸c“鷹”對(duì)接成功。宇航員告別土星5號(hào)的最后一級(jí)火箭,乘坐合成一體的兩艘小飛船繼續(xù)飛行。
終于抵達(dá)月球上空。阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林駕駛鷹號(hào)離開(kāi),向著月球越飛越近。柯林斯駕駛著哥倫比亞號(hào)孤獨(dú)地環(huán)繞月球飛行。此時(shí)此刻,那些遠(yuǎn)在地球上的人,不管是朋友還是陌生人,都時(shí)刻關(guān)注著、期待著……
預(yù)定著陸區(qū)在哪兒?宇航員們?nèi)λ褜ぁ5且馔夂鋈话l(fā)生:當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)著陸區(qū),鷹號(hào)已經(jīng)飛過(guò)了頭!數(shù)英里一閃而過(guò),舷窗外的月球變得崎嶇不平。家園遠(yuǎn)在萬(wàn)里之外,更無(wú)法奢望什么援手。此時(shí)此刻,他們能做的,只有保持鎮(zhèn)定,平穩(wěn)駕駛,繼續(xù)飛行。
看到了,就在不遠(yuǎn)處,那里平整而干凈!鷹號(hào)慢慢減速、緩緩下降。登月艙越來(lái)越低、越來(lái)越低……直到平穩(wěn)落地!此時(shí)此刻,在遙遠(yuǎn)的地球,人們鴉雀無(wú)聲、屏息聆聽(tīng)。
一個(gè)聲音從遙遠(yuǎn)的太空傳來(lái),那是阿姆斯特朗從月球發(fā)出的聲音:“這里是靜;,‘鷹’著陸成功!彼惓F届o,地球上的人們卻爆發(fā)出歡呼的聲音。隨后,阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林沿著舷梯爬下登月艙。
陌生、寂靜、壯麗的月球從此有了生命。
。ㄕ幾圆既R恩·弗洛卡《登月》,袁瑋譯)
材料二:
今年6月,聯(lián)合國(guó)外層空間事務(wù)辦公室舉行會(huì)議,中國(guó)科學(xué)家介紹了“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù),表示將于2018年底前將中繼衛(wèi)星發(fā)射至月球背面上空一個(gè)引力穩(wěn)定的位置,即地-月L2點(diǎn),這顆中繼衛(wèi)星將執(zhí)行為期三年的任務(wù)。新華社的報(bào)道沒(méi)有透露“嫦娥四號(hào)”發(fā)射的具體時(shí)間,只是說(shuō)將在2020年之前發(fā)射。自1976年蘇聯(lián)的“月球24號(hào)”抵達(dá)月球之后,中國(guó)的“嫦娥三號(hào)”首次于2013年在月球?qū)崿F(xiàn)軟著陸。它搭載的“玉兔一號(hào)”月球車(chē)共有6個(gè)輪子,在任務(wù)結(jié)束前共行駛了約114米。中國(guó)科學(xué)家在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果顯示,“玉兔一號(hào)”的探地雷達(dá)探測(cè)到其著陸點(diǎn)下方有9個(gè)明顯不同的地下層,表明該地區(qū)有著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)史,這與“阿波羅號(hào)”宇航員探索地區(qū)的情況有所不同。根據(jù)今年6月在聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議上發(fā)布的信息,“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)的主要工程目標(biāo)包括進(jìn)行月球背面著陸和深空數(shù)據(jù)中繼。中國(guó)方面已邀請(qǐng)國(guó)際社會(huì)圍繞“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù)建立合作關(guān)系。
。ㄕg自斯蒂芬·克拉克《中國(guó)計(jì)劃在2020年前登上月球背面》,2015年9月22日,英國(guó)“當(dāng)今天文學(xué)”網(wǎng))
材料三:
從古至今,人類(lèi)舉頭望月,傳頌動(dòng)人神話(huà),譜寫(xiě)優(yōu)美詩(shī)篇,卻很少有人意識(shí)到,億萬(wàn)年來(lái),月亮的“圖案”從未變化。月球繞地球一圈的公轉(zhuǎn)周期完全等于月球自轉(zhuǎn)周期,所以人們只能看到它固定朝向地球的一面,我們把月球背向地球的一面稱(chēng)為“月背”。2019年1月11日,在北京航天飛行控制中心大廳里,科技人員見(jiàn)證了“嫦娥四號(hào)”和“玉兔二號(hào)”順利完成“兩器互拍”,這標(biāo)志著“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)取得圓滿(mǎn)成功,我國(guó)成為世界上首個(gè)成功實(shí)施在月球背面軟著陸并巡視探測(cè)的國(guó)家。人類(lèi)開(kāi)啟了探索月球背面的新紀(jì)元!
這是一次前無(wú)古人的科學(xué)探險(xiǎn)。月背探測(cè)是中國(guó)航天的首個(gè)世界第一,它具有巨大的科學(xué)和工程意義,是人類(lèi)航天史上的重大突破。“玉兔二號(hào)”凝聚著中國(guó)航天人的勇氣和智慧,像一位孤膽英雄,面對(duì)未知的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與挑戰(zhàn),勇敢進(jìn)發(fā),努力探索。得益于駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)的悉心照料與陪伴,“玉兔二號(hào)”已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了人類(lèi)月面巡視器生存時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的世界紀(jì)錄!坝裢枚(hào)”探測(cè)到了馮·卡門(mén)撞擊坑的地下結(jié)構(gòu)以及月球背面的最低溫度等,取得了一系列科學(xué)成果,為人類(lèi)揭開(kāi)了月背的神秘面紗。
本書(shū)完稿之際,我國(guó)首個(gè)火星探測(cè)器“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”已飛離地球,中國(guó)航天人的目光又隨之投向深空。我由衷期盼這本書(shū)能引領(lǐng)讀者走近探月、走近航天,滋潤(rùn)心中科學(xué)的幼苗,點(diǎn)燃胸中追夢(mèng)的火焰,更希望年輕人能夠沿著這一代航天人的足跡,不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索火星,去探索木星,不斷追逐心中的星辰大海。
。ㄕ幾詤莻ト省<月背征途>推薦序》)
1. 下列對(duì)材料一中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)語(yǔ)句的圖解,排序恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
A. ⑥②④①⑤③ B. ②④①⑥③⑤ C. ⑥④①②⑤③ D. ②⑥①④③⑤
2. 下列對(duì)材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 土星5號(hào)“體型”龐大,因?yàn)樗枰烟右菟偷窃屡撍腿朐虑蜍壍,不過(guò)在飛行途中它會(huì)不斷地分離,以減輕自重。
B. 鷹號(hào)的著陸過(guò)程并不順利,飛船飛過(guò)了預(yù)定著陸區(qū),前方情況不明,但是兩位宇航員鎮(zhèn)定、冷靜地解決了突發(fā)問(wèn)題。
C. 2013年,“嫦娥三號(hào)”搭載“玉兔一號(hào)”在月球安全著陸,這為我國(guó)探月工程后續(xù)任務(wù)的實(shí)施打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
D. “玉兔二號(hào)”在月球的生存時(shí)間已經(jīng)超過(guò)了“玉兔一號(hào)”,它探測(cè)到了全新的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),為人類(lèi)揭開(kāi)了月背的神秘面紗。
3. 下列對(duì)材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的分析和評(píng)價(jià),正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 材料一中“此時(shí)此刻,那些遠(yuǎn)在地球上的人……期待著”“此時(shí)此刻……人們鴉雀無(wú)聲”等語(yǔ)句,烘托了登月艙即將著陸時(shí)的緊張氣氛。
B. 材料二引用我國(guó)學(xué)者在《科學(xué)》雜志上的研究成果,將“玉兔一號(hào)”和“阿波羅號(hào)”的探測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比對(duì),然后對(duì)后者提出質(zhì)疑。
C. 材料三使用“世界上首個(gè)”“首個(gè)世界第一”等詞語(yǔ),表明“嫦娥四號(hào)”探測(cè)器取得不凡成就,也表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得成功后激動(dòng)的心情。
D. 從材料一的成功登陸月面,到材料二“探測(cè)到……不同的地下層”,再到材料三的月背征途,可以看出人類(lèi)在不斷地對(duì)未知事物進(jìn)行探索。
4. 《<月背征途>推薦序》對(duì)讀者了解這本書(shū)有哪些幫助?請(qǐng)根據(jù)材料三概括說(shuō)明。
5. “科學(xué)無(wú)國(guó)界,科學(xué)家有祖國(guó)”,這在中國(guó)航天人身上是如何體現(xiàn)的?請(qǐng)根據(jù)材料簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】1. B 2. A
3. A 4. ①提供背景信息:通過(guò)月背知識(shí)介紹,強(qiáng)調(diào)了月背探測(cè)的科學(xué)和工程意義,突出了中國(guó)航天的創(chuàng)新和突破。
、谕怀鰰(shū)本主旨:介紹了“嫦娥四號(hào)”和“玉兔二號(hào)”任務(wù)的成功,展示了中國(guó)在月球探測(cè)方面的成就。
、酃膭(lì)讀者追求夢(mèng)想,展望未來(lái)航天任務(wù):鼓勵(lì)讀者了解探月和航天知識(shí),激發(fā)科學(xué)興趣和探索精神。
5. ①?gòu)娜祟?lèi)第一次登上月球,到中國(guó)航天人通過(guò)“嫦娥四號(hào)”和“玉兔二號(hào)”任務(wù)持續(xù)深入地探索月球,以及對(duì)月背的研究,都展現(xiàn)了全人類(lèi)在探月領(lǐng)域的不斷探索和進(jìn)步,這體現(xiàn)了“科學(xué)無(wú)國(guó)界”的探索精神。
、谒麄?cè)趪?guó)際會(huì)議上分享探月任務(wù)的進(jìn)展,邀請(qǐng)國(guó)際社會(huì)合作,體現(xiàn)了開(kāi)放和合作的“無(wú)國(guó)界”態(tài)度。
③通過(guò)不斷的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和科學(xué)探索,取得了多項(xiàng)世界第一,展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)航天人的智慧和勇氣,體現(xiàn)了科學(xué)家有報(bào)效祖國(guó)、為國(guó)爭(zhēng)光的愛(ài)國(guó)情懷。
【解析】
【1題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確理解并運(yùn)用圖表信息的能力。
材料一畫(huà)線(xiàn)句首先闡述了“船箭分離”的過(guò)程:“第三級(jí)火箭前端打開(kāi),哥倫比亞號(hào)從頂端彈出”。而圖解中,②展現(xiàn)的是第三級(jí)火箭一開(kāi)始的全貌,④則體現(xiàn)了“彈出”的過(guò)程,故②④應(yīng)位于最前面。
然后,作者進(jìn)一步介紹了在火箭頂端繼續(xù)待命的“鷹號(hào)(登月艙)”的樣貌特點(diǎn)“這艘小飛船外形奇特,像一只蜷縮著的蜘蛛”;接下來(lái),則是“飛船慢慢轉(zhuǎn)身”“‘哥倫比亞’與‘鷹’對(duì)接成功”的'過(guò)程。而觀(guān)察圖解,我們能很明顯地看到,①中哥倫比亞號(hào)方向與④有明顯不同,體現(xiàn)了“轉(zhuǎn)身”的過(guò)程,⑥中兩者接觸則體現(xiàn)了“對(duì)接成功”的過(guò)程,所以緊接著是①⑥。
最后,材料描述了宇航員們告別土星5號(hào)的最后一級(jí)火箭,乘坐合成一體的兩艘小飛船繼續(xù)飛行的過(guò)程。圖解中,③體現(xiàn)了合體后的“哥倫比亞”與“鷹”離開(kāi)火箭的過(guò)程,到⑤時(shí),它們已成為單獨(dú)的飛行體。因此最后是③⑤。
所以排序恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是:②④①⑥③⑤。
故選B。
【2題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選并整合文中信息的能力。
A.“因?yàn)樗枰烟右菟偷窃屡撍腿朐虑蜍壍,不過(guò)在飛行途中它會(huì)不斷地分離,以減輕自重”曲解文意。土星5號(hào)的龐大體型不僅是為了送逃逸塔和登月艙入軌,還包括其他設(shè)備和燃料的需求,從而滿(mǎn)足其巨大的推力和運(yùn)載能力,以便將宇航員和飛船送入太空。而火箭在飛行過(guò)程中的分離是為了完成不同的任務(wù)階段,而不是為了減輕自重。
故選A。
【3題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析概括作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度的能力。
B.“然后對(duì)后者提出質(zhì)疑”無(wú)中生有。材料二只是簡(jiǎn)單地提到了“玉兔一號(hào)”和“阿波羅號(hào)”探測(cè)到的情況有所不同,并沒(méi)有對(duì)“阿波羅號(hào)”提出質(zhì)疑。
C.“也表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得成功后激動(dòng)的心情”曲解文意。選項(xiàng)中的“表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得成功后激動(dòng)的心情”在材料三中沒(méi)有直接體現(xiàn),文中主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“嫦娥四號(hào)”探測(cè)器的成就,而非駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)的心情。
D.“可以看出人類(lèi)在不斷地對(duì)未知事物進(jìn)行探索”說(shuō)法片面。材料一、二、三的內(nèi)容確實(shí)展示了人類(lèi)對(duì)未知事物的不斷探索,但材料二主要是針對(duì)未來(lái)的規(guī)劃,說(shuō)“在……探索”,不夠妥當(dāng)。
故選A。
【4題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生歸納內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的能力。
材料三中,作者通過(guò)描述月球背面(月背)的概念和特點(diǎn),即月球繞地球一圈的公轉(zhuǎn)周期完全等于月球自轉(zhuǎn)周期,人們只能看到月球固定朝向地球的一面,而另一面則是月背,這為讀者提供了關(guān)于月球的基本知識(shí)背景。由此,讀者或許可以更深入地了解月背探測(cè)的艱難,以及中國(guó)探測(cè)成功背后的科學(xué)、工程意義。
作者在推薦序強(qiáng)調(diào)了月背探測(cè)作為人類(lèi)航天史上的重大突破和中國(guó)航天的首個(gè)世界第一的重要性,特別是詳細(xì)介紹了“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)的成功,尤其是“玉兔二號(hào)”探測(cè)到的科學(xué)成果,如馮·卡門(mén)撞擊坑的地下結(jié)構(gòu)和月球背面的最低溫度等。這有助于讀者更加深入地了解中國(guó)航天的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和前景,從而幫助讀者理解這本書(shū)的核心內(nèi)容和價(jià)值。
根據(jù)材料三結(jié)尾作者的呼吁“我由衷期盼這本書(shū)能引領(lǐng)讀者走近探月、走近航天……不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索火星,去探索木星,不斷追逐心中的星辰大!笨芍,作者通過(guò)這本書(shū)的推薦序,鼓勵(lì)讀者走近探月、走近航天,并希望年輕人能夠不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索未知的太空世界,這種激勵(lì)和鼓舞對(duì)于讀者來(lái)說(shuō)是一種重要的精神力量。
【5題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生探究問(wèn)題,提出自己見(jiàn)解的能力。
對(duì)這句話(huà),可以分成兩部分來(lái)理解。
首先,“科學(xué)無(wú)國(guó)界”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是科學(xué)是人類(lèi)智慧的結(jié)晶,是屬于全人類(lèi)的財(cái)富,理應(yīng)為全人類(lèi)服務(wù),展現(xiàn)的是一種開(kāi)放態(tài)度。而材料一中火箭的各級(jí)分離、飛船的對(duì)接、鷹號(hào)的著陸等細(xì)節(jié),突顯了人類(lèi)首次登月的偉大成就和技術(shù)復(fù)雜性。材料二介紹了中國(guó)“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù)的計(jì)劃和進(jìn)展。材料三則聚焦于“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)的成功實(shí)施,特別是“玉兔二號(hào)”在月球背面的探測(cè)成果。整體來(lái)看,文章通過(guò)對(duì)比歷史與現(xiàn)狀,展示了人類(lèi)在探月領(lǐng)域的不斷探索和進(jìn)步。這種探索精神,是屬于全人類(lèi)的寶貴精神財(cái)富,是“無(wú)國(guó)界”的;
此外,在材料一中,我們可以看到,人類(lèi)第一次登月這一盛事,獲得了全人類(lèi)關(guān)注;而材料二最后還提到“中國(guó)方面已邀請(qǐng)國(guó)際社會(huì)圍繞‘嫦娥四號(hào)’探月任務(wù)建立合作關(guān)系”,可見(jiàn)中國(guó)在取得月球探測(cè)領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先地位的同時(shí),并沒(méi)有閉門(mén)造車(chē),搞封閉戰(zhàn)術(shù),而是秉持著和國(guó)際合作的開(kāi)放態(tài)度。這充分體現(xiàn)了開(kāi)放和合作的“無(wú)國(guó)界”態(tài)度。
而“科學(xué)家有祖國(guó)”體現(xiàn)的則是科學(xué)家的愛(ài)國(guó)精神但科學(xué)事業(yè)的發(fā)展和科學(xué)家的命運(yùn)都與自己的國(guó)家有著密切的關(guān)系。因此,可從材料中檢索與此相關(guān)的信息。比如,材料三“‘玉兔二號(hào)’凝聚著中國(guó)航天人的勇氣和智慧,像一位孤膽英雄,面對(duì)未知的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與挑戰(zhàn),勇敢進(jìn)發(fā),努力探索。得益于駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)的悉心照料與陪伴”等內(nèi)容,展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)航天人為了國(guó)家科技發(fā)展不懈奮斗的精神,以及對(duì)于中國(guó)在探月領(lǐng)域的不斷進(jìn)步的自豪。這些,都體現(xiàn)了“科學(xué)家有祖國(guó)”的愛(ài)國(guó)精神。
。ǘ┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀II(本題共4小題,16分)
閱讀下面文字,完成下面小題。
千里江山圖(節(jié)選)
孫甘露
葉桃離開(kāi)上海去了南京。那時(shí)候陳千里還不明白,為什么她那么不喜歡父親葉啟年做的事情,自己卻又加入進(jìn)去。后來(lái)他才知道,葉桃去的地方是國(guó)民黨黨務(wù)調(diào)查科,在葉啟年的安排下,她成了機(jī)要室干事。
當(dāng)時(shí)他反復(fù)問(wèn)過(guò)自己:難道在上海,兆豐花園、夕陽(yáng)、早春的湖水、水面上一對(duì)天鵝,這些都是他在做夢(mèng)?難道他們手握著手、心怦怦跳時(shí)說(shuō)的話(huà),都只是分別前一時(shí)的沖動(dòng)?他一直都很清楚,在他們兩個(gè)人當(dāng)中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)。
新閘路樓上的廂房,他坐在窗下,她坐在梳妝臺(tái)前,他們?cè)谡f(shuō)話(huà),他看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)她,一個(gè)在面前,一個(gè)在鏡子里。他完全沉浸在話(huà)題中,可說(shuō)著說(shuō)著,她忽然站起身,急匆匆奔出了家門(mén)。他心里總是隱隱覺(jué)得,別處某個(gè)地方,必定有一件更加重要的事情在等著她。
一年以后,陳千里也去了南京。
他在石婆婆巷租了一間小屋。白天他給書(shū)局做翻譯,等著葉桃下班。有時(shí)她給他打電話(huà)(巷口煙紙店有一臺(tái)公用電話(huà)),讓他去她上班的地方,她也會(huì)支使他做一點(diǎn)事情,到哪家鋪?zhàn)淤I(mǎi)一包點(diǎn)心,或者去裁縫店取幾件衣服。
只要葉啟年不在南京,瞻園對(duì)葉桃來(lái)說(shuō)就是一個(gè)十分自由自在的地方。那是個(gè)大園子,據(jù)說(shuō)從前是座王府,門(mén)前有影壁,園里有假山。機(jī)要室在園子最北面,過(guò)了假山就能看見(jiàn)那排平房。他到了那里,讓門(mén)房打個(gè)電話(huà),葉桃就會(huì)出來(lái)接他,有時(shí)候也會(huì)讓門(mén)房送他,到后來(lái)門(mén)房索性讓他自己進(jìn)去。在記憶里,那幾個(gè)月過(guò)得特別安寧,葉桃也特別快樂(lè)。她好像找到了真正有意思的工作。
他們?nèi)ッ坊ㄉ剑窃绱憾,虬枝上開(kāi)滿(mǎn)梅花,山坡上像籠罩了粉色云霧。他們心心相印,覺(jué)得整個(gè)世界退卻到遠(yuǎn)處,眼前只剩下梅樹(shù)、藍(lán)天和那張臉龐。他們滿(mǎn)心喜悅,一起背誦著涅克拉索夫:“他們說(shuō)暴風(fēng)雨即將來(lái)臨,我不禁露出微笑。”
但是世界仍舊在這里,葉桃置身其中的環(huán)境十分危險(xiǎn),瞻園里有許多陰鷙的壯漢、狼狗、不許人碰的文件和禁止入內(nèi)的警示牌。從園北假山后面偶爾會(huì)傳出一兩聲慘叫。后來(lái)在棲霞山上,葉桃告訴他,那里是黨務(wù)調(diào)查科,是葉啟年參與搭建、充斥著陰謀和殺戮的世界。
直到最后那個(gè)月,他才知道她究竟在做什么工作,雖然他早些時(shí)候就猜到了一些,F(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他:她真正在做的是一些秘密工作,這些工作對(duì)她意義重大。而他心里很明白,她所做的那些事情,很可能是去破壞她父親的工作。但在讓他知道真相前,她就為他指明了方向,讓他了解了一個(gè)人應(yīng)該投身于什么樣的事業(yè),才會(huì)讓人生變得更有意義。
她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他。即便去了南京,她也每隔幾天就給他寫(xiě)信,這些信件延續(xù)了先前的思想碰撞,F(xiàn)在他才理解,寫(xiě)那些信她多少冒了一點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),幸虧她在瞻園上班,有辦法不讓這些信落到郵電檢查人員手中。她還托人給他捎書(shū)和雜志:《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》《遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)信》《布爾什維克》,還有她喜歡的涅克拉索夫詩(shī)集。
端午節(jié)的前一天,葉桃給石婆婆巷煙紙店打了個(gè)電話(huà)。那些日子他很少見(jiàn)到葉桃,她好像整天都非常忙碌,就算見(jiàn)到他也很沉默,問(wèn)多了,她會(huì)忽然發(fā)火。在電話(huà)里葉桃讓他去瞻園,去之前先到秦淮河邊的城南茶食鋪,幫她買(mǎi)一包閩南橘紅糕。葉桃一直喜歡吃零食,在上海時(shí)他就常幫她跑腿,到了南京,她的很多舊習(xí)慣都消失了,但喜歡吃零食這一樣依然如故。除了這家的橘紅糕和酥糖,她還喜歡一個(gè)挑擔(dān)小販的桂花糖芋苗,總是在瞻園門(mén)口那一帶叫賣(mài)。
他買(mǎi)了橘紅糕,卻在瞻園門(mén)口被人攔住了。幾個(gè)月來(lái),南前北后兩道門(mén),幾班門(mén)房都認(rèn)識(shí)他了,見(jiàn)他進(jìn)門(mén),連忙打電話(huà)到機(jī)要室找葉干事。葉桃告訴門(mén)房,今天她不能離開(kāi)保密區(qū)域,叫門(mén)房登記一下,讓陳千里自己進(jìn)去。
陳千里在機(jī)要室那一排平房里見(jiàn)到了葉桃。她吃了一粒橘紅糕,說(shuō),今天這個(gè)橘紅糕怎么那么干?這放了多久呀?生氣地扔到一邊,冷冷地半天不理他,機(jī)要室里另外兩個(gè)女人同情地朝他微笑。過(guò)了一陣,葉桃又叫他:“幫我到門(mén)口買(mǎi)碗桂花糖芋苗!
剛剛進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)陳千里并沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)瞻園門(mén)口有挑擔(dān)叫賣(mài)的小販。但他沒(méi)說(shuō)什么,每次葉桃讓他到門(mén)口買(mǎi)桂花糖芋苗,那個(gè)小販總會(huì)出現(xiàn)在那里。
“如果沒(méi)看見(jiàn),你就往前跑到馬府街,他一般就在這幾個(gè)地方!
他提著保溫筒出來(lái),門(mén)房朝他笑。出了瞻園,果然看見(jiàn)擔(dān)子在那里。小販揭開(kāi)蓋子擱在一邊,從大鍋里舀了幾勺紅艷艷、香噴噴的芋羹,裝進(jìn)提筒,往里撒了點(diǎn)桂花末子,又拿起抹布擦了擦蓋子,蓋上,收錢(qián)。陳千里把糖芋苗拿進(jìn)機(jī)要室,葉桃喝了一口,這才露出滿(mǎn)意的笑容。
幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去。葉啟年在廣州破獲了共產(chǎn)黨地下組織,逮捕了廣東的負(fù)責(zé)人歐陽(yáng)民。由于情報(bào)送出及時(shí),與歐陽(yáng)民有聯(lián)系的上級(jí)黨組織全都撤離了。
他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷。犧牲前,她告訴陳千里自己是共產(chǎn)黨員,從前沒(méi)有告訴他,是因?yàn)樗茳h組織派遣潛伏在國(guó)民黨黨務(wù)調(diào)查科,必須保守秘密,但現(xiàn)在她可以說(shuō)了。她說(shuō)她一直打算發(fā)展他入黨,黨組織也認(rèn)為經(jīng)過(guò)了一段時(shí)間的考驗(yàn),已經(jīng)可以接受陳千里入黨,可她現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,她希望他將來(lái)能成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。
。ㄓ袆h改)
6. 下列對(duì)文本相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解,正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. “他看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)她,一個(gè)在面前,一個(gè)在鏡子里”,說(shuō)明葉桃的性格活潑多變,讓年輕的陳千里琢磨不透。
B. 葉桃喜歡城南茶食鋪的橘紅糕和酥糖,以及挑擔(dān)小販的桂花糖芋苗,表明她很適應(yīng)南京休閑的日常生活。
C. 端午節(jié)的前一天,葉桃把陳千里買(mǎi)的橘紅糕扔到一邊,半天不理他,反映出她斗爭(zhēng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻不能很好地控制情緒。
D. “現(xiàn)在她可以說(shuō)了”而“從前沒(méi)有告訴他”,表明葉桃與戀人相處時(shí)也嚴(yán)格遵守地下工作的保密紀(jì)律。
7. 下列對(duì)文本藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 寫(xiě)葉桃和陳千里在梅花山背誦詩(shī)句,既表現(xiàn)出兩人的精神風(fēng)采,也點(diǎn)出時(shí)代氛圍。
B. 選擇壯漢、狼狗、秘密文件、警示牌、慘叫等來(lái)寫(xiě)瞻園,凸顯其陰森殘酷。
C. 描寫(xiě)機(jī)要室另兩個(gè)女人微笑以及門(mén)房笑的細(xì)節(jié),用以反襯一種緊張?jiān)幃惖臍夥铡?/p>
D. 文本記敘葉桃和陳千里在上海與南京的經(jīng)歷,將個(gè)人愛(ài)情與革命斗爭(zhēng)交融在一起。
8. 文中畫(huà)線(xiàn)處說(shuō)“在他們兩個(gè)人當(dāng)中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”,又說(shuō)“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”,請(qǐng)談?wù)勀愕睦斫狻?/p>
9. 文本中頻頻出現(xiàn)“一年以后”“現(xiàn)在想來(lái)”“他知道這情況時(shí)”之類(lèi)標(biāo)示時(shí)間線(xiàn)索的語(yǔ)句,產(chǎn)生了怎樣的敘述效果?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】6. D 7. C
8. ①兩人日常交往中,葉桃總是先離開(kāi),但依然通過(guò)多種方式和陳千里保持聯(lián)系;
、谌~桃思想上更早覺(jué)悟,先于陳千里參加革命,又引導(dǎo)他走上革命道路;
、垭m然葉桃后來(lái)在斗爭(zhēng)中犧牲,但她永遠(yuǎn)活在陳千里心中,她的革命精神為陳千里所繼承。
9. ①整體上回溯性地講述故事,本身具有一種歷史縱深感;
、诰唧w事件的敘述基本按照時(shí)間順序交代,情節(jié)脈絡(luò)清楚;
、壅宫F(xiàn)出人物的成長(zhǎng)歷程,使人物形象更豐滿(mǎn);
、芡ㄟ^(guò)敘述時(shí)間的跳躍,過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在、回憶與現(xiàn)實(shí)相交織,將謎團(tuán)逐一解開(kāi),行文跌宕起伏。
【解析】
【6題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容,篩選并概括文中信息的能力。
A.“說(shuō)明葉桃的性格活潑多變”分析錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文第三段內(nèi)容可知,此處是說(shuō)明陳千里感到葉桃的工作重要并且神秘。
B.“表明她很適應(yīng)南京休閑的日常生活”分析錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去”可知,葉桃喜歡城南茶食鋪的橘紅糕和酥糖,以及挑擔(dān)小販的桂花糖芋苗,是為了給黨組織送情報(bào)。
C.“反映出她斗爭(zhēng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻不能很好地控制情緒”分析錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“他提著保溫筒出來(lái)”“保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去”可知,葉桃把陳千里買(mǎi)的橘紅糕扔到一邊,半天不理他,是想辦法讓陳千里把緊急情報(bào)送出去,及時(shí)交給黨組織。
故選D。
【7題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文本藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞的能力。
C.“用以反襯一種緊張?jiān)幃惖臍夥铡狈治鲥e(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“機(jī)要室里另外兩個(gè)女人同情地朝他微笑”“他提著保溫筒出來(lái),門(mén)房朝他笑”可知,機(jī)要室另兩個(gè)女人微笑以及門(mén)房的笑容并沒(méi)有反襯緊張?jiān)幃惖臍夥,反而是表現(xiàn)了一種日常的、相對(duì)輕松的氛圍,與葉桃和陳千里的關(guān)系和情感互動(dòng)有關(guān)。
故選C。
【8題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文中重要句子的含意的能力。
、?gòu)木渥颖韺右馑挤治觯骸八恢倍己芮宄谒麄儍蓚(gè)人當(dāng)中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”說(shuō)明在葉桃與陳千里兩人的日常交往中,葉桃總是先離開(kāi);根據(jù)“即便去了南京,她也每隔幾天就給他寫(xiě)信”說(shuō)明“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”是指葉桃雖然不在陳千里身邊,但依然通過(guò)多種方式和陳千里保持聯(lián)系;
、趶木渥由顚雍x分析:根據(jù)原文“這些信件延續(xù)了先前的思想碰撞。現(xiàn)在他才理解,寫(xiě)那些信她多少冒了一點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”可知,“葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”是因?yàn)槿~桃思想上更早覺(jué)悟,先于陳千里參加革命,通過(guò)文中對(duì)葉桃與陳千里交往的描寫(xiě),結(jié)合原文“幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去”可知,“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”是指葉桃引導(dǎo)陳千里走上了革命道路;
③從句子情感內(nèi)涵分析:根據(jù)原文最后“她說(shuō)她一直打算發(fā)展他入黨,黨組織也認(rèn)為經(jīng)過(guò)了一段時(shí)間的考驗(yàn),已經(jīng)可以接受陳千里入黨,可她現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,她希望他將來(lái)能成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士”可知,“葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”是指葉桃在斗爭(zhēng)中犧牲,而陳千里繼續(xù)革命;“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”是指雖然葉桃后來(lái)在斗爭(zhēng)中犧牲,但她永遠(yuǎn)活在陳千里心中,她的革命精神為陳千里所繼承,陳千里會(huì)向她希望的一樣,成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。
【9題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文中重要語(yǔ)句產(chǎn)生的敘述效果的能力。
①?gòu)男≌f(shuō)內(nèi)容分析:根據(jù)選文“一年以后,陳千里也去了南京”“現(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷”這些標(biāo)示時(shí)間線(xiàn)索語(yǔ)句,說(shuō)明小說(shuō)內(nèi)容是回憶的故事,小說(shuō)整體上是回溯性地講述故事,本身具有一種歷史縱深感;
、趶那楣(jié)脈絡(luò)分析:“一年以后,陳千里也去了南京”“現(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷”這些標(biāo)示時(shí)間線(xiàn)索的語(yǔ)句,使陳千里去南京,葉桃潛伏在國(guó)民黨黨務(wù)調(diào)查科并保守秘密,幫助黨組織考驗(yàn)陳千里,陳千里知道事情的真相等具體情節(jié)的敘述基本按照時(shí)間順序交代,使文章情節(jié)脈絡(luò)清楚明了;
、蹚娜宋镄蜗蠓治觯何闹羞@些標(biāo)示時(shí)間線(xiàn)索的語(yǔ)句,從“過(guò)去”到“現(xiàn)在”,通過(guò)時(shí)空轉(zhuǎn)換,展現(xiàn)出陳千里這一人物在葉桃的幫助下由疑惑到明白,逐漸成長(zhǎng)的漫長(zhǎng)歷程,使小說(shuō)中葉桃這一人物形象更豐滿(mǎn);
④從行文特色分析:“一年以后,陳千里也去了南京”“現(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷”這些語(yǔ)句敘述時(shí)間,由“過(guò)去”直接轉(zhuǎn)到“現(xiàn)在”,具有跳躍性,通過(guò)陳千里這一人物的銜接,使小說(shuō)內(nèi)容將過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在、回憶與現(xiàn)實(shí)相交織,將葉桃所做的事的謎團(tuán)逐一解開(kāi),這樣的銜接使行文跌宕起伏,更能吸引讀者的閱讀興趣。
二、古代詩(shī)文閱讀(35分)
(一)文言文閱讀(本題共5小題,20分)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下面小題。
材料一:
文侯受子夏經(jīng)藝,客段干木①,過(guò)其閭,未嘗不軾也。秦嘗欲伐魏,或曰:“魏君賢人是禮國(guó)人稱(chēng)仁上下和合未可圖也。”文侯由此得譽(yù)于諸侯。
(節(jié)選自《史記·魏世家》)
材料二:
上欲廢太子,立戚夫人子趙王如意。呂后恐,乃使建成侯呂澤劫留侯,強(qiáng)要曰:“為我畫(huà)計(jì)!绷艉钤唬骸邦櫳嫌胁荒苤抡撸煜掠兴娜。今公誠(chéng)能無(wú)愛(ài)金玉璧帛,令太子為書(shū),卑辭安車(chē),因使辯士固請(qǐng),宜來(lái)。上知此四人賢,則一助也!睗h十二年,上從擊破布軍歸,疾益甚,愈欲易太子。及燕,置酒,太子侍。四人從太子,年皆八十有余,須眉皓白,衣冠甚偉。上怪之,問(wèn)曰:“彼何為者?”四人前對(duì),各言名姓。上乃大驚,曰:“吾求公數(shù)歲,公辟逃我,今公何自從吾兒游乎?”四人皆曰:“陛下輕士善罵,臣等義不受辱,故恐而亡匿。竊聞太子為人仁孝,恭敬愛(ài)士,天下莫不延頸欲為太子死者,故臣等來(lái)耳!鄙显唬骸盁┕易湔{(diào)護(hù)太子!彼娜藶閴垡旬,趨去。上起去,罷酒。竟不易太子者,留侯本招此四人之力也。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·留侯世家》)
材料三:
論者或曰:“魏文式段干木之閭,秦兵為之不至,非法度之功。雖全國(guó)有益,非所貴也!狈蚍ǘ戎φ撸^何等也?養(yǎng)三軍之士,明賞罰之命,嚴(yán)刑峻法,富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵,此法度也。六國(guó)之亡,皆滅于秦兵。六國(guó)之兵非不銳,士眾之力非不勁也,然而至于破亡者,強(qiáng)弱不敵,眾寡不同,雖明法度,其何益哉?使童子變孟賁之意②,孟賁怒之,童子操刃與孟賁戰(zhàn),童子必不勝,力不如也。孟賁怒,而童子修禮盡敬,孟賁不忍犯也。秦之與魏,孟賁之與童子也。夫力少則修德,兵強(qiáng)則奮威。秦以兵強(qiáng),威無(wú)不勝。卻軍還眾,不犯魏境者,賢干木之操,高魏文之禮也。高皇帝議欲廢太子,呂后患之,子房教以敬迎四皓而厚禮之,太子遂安。夫太子敬厚四皓,以消高帝之議,猶魏文式段干木之閭,卻強(qiáng)秦之兵也。
(節(jié)選自王充《論衡·非韓》)
[注]①段干木:戰(zhàn)國(guó)初魏國(guó)名士。②孟賁:戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)勇士。
10. 材料一畫(huà)波浪線(xiàn)的部分有三處需要斷句,請(qǐng)用鉛筆將答題卡上相應(yīng)位置的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
魏君賢A人B是禮C國(guó)人D稱(chēng)仁E上下F和G合H未可圖也。
11. 下列對(duì)材料中加點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說(shuō),不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 燕,同“宴”,指宴飲,成語(yǔ)有“新婚燕爾”,其中的“燕”字意思與此相同。
B. 怪,以……為怪,意動(dòng)用法,與《師說(shuō)》中“不恥相師”的“恥”用法相同。
C. 為壽,向尊長(zhǎng)敬酒并祝長(zhǎng)壽,《鴻門(mén)宴》“沛公奉卮酒為壽”的禮儀與此相同。
D. 式,同“軾”,指扶軾,與《周亞夫軍細(xì)柳》“改容式車(chē)”的“式”意思相同。
12. 下列對(duì)材料有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 魏文侯曾經(jīng)師從子夏學(xué)習(xí)儒家經(jīng)藝,他崇禮敬賢,在諸侯之中享有美譽(yù)。每次乘車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)名士段干木居住的里巷時(shí),他一定會(huì)行禮致意。
B. 漢高祖想廢掉太子,改立趙王如意,呂后為此十分恐慌,派人強(qiáng)行要留侯出主意,留侯認(rèn)為如請(qǐng)到漢高祖景仰已久的四位賢人,將會(huì)對(duì)太子有利。
C. 四位賢人表示太子仁孝愛(ài)士,漢高祖打消了廢太子念頭,希望他們好好輔助太子;四人本是留侯親自招來(lái)的,這也是沒(méi)有另立太子的一個(gè)因素。
D. 王充認(rèn)為,假如有兒童持刀與孟賁相斗,兒童肯定不能取勝;如果兒童對(duì)孟賁恭敬有加,孟賁就不忍心傷害,魏國(guó)與秦國(guó)的情況正與此相類(lèi)似。
13. 把材料中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。
(1)吾求公數(shù)歲,公辟逃我,今公何自從吾兒游乎?
。2)卻軍還眾,不犯魏境者,賢干木之操,高魏文之禮也。
14. 王充認(rèn)為,“太子敬厚四皓,以消高帝之議”猶如“魏文式段干木之閭,卻強(qiáng)秦之兵”,請(qǐng)根據(jù)材料分析二者的相似之處。
【答案】10. CEH
11. A 12. C
13. (1)我訪(fǎng)求先生們好幾年了,先生們都逃避我,現(xiàn)在先生們?yōu)楹巫栽父S我兒交游呢?
。2)撤回軍隊(duì),不去侵犯魏國(guó)領(lǐng)土,是因?yàn)榍剀娮鹬囟胃赡静傩匈t良,推崇魏文侯的禮義。
14. 敬賢禮士:太子敬重四皓,魏文侯禮敬段干木,都是通過(guò)尊重賢士來(lái)贏(yíng)得他們的支持。
化解危機(jī):太子通過(guò)敬重四皓,化解了漢高祖廢太子的危機(jī);魏文侯通過(guò)禮敬段干木,使得秦國(guó)不敢輕易進(jìn)攻魏國(guó)。
德行感化:太子和魏文侯都通過(guò)自己的德行感化了賢士,使得他們?cè)敢鉃槠湫ЯΓ瑥亩_(dá)到了保全自己的目的。
【解析】
【10題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生文言文斷句的能力。
句意:魏君對(duì)賢人特別敬重,魏國(guó)人都稱(chēng)贊他的仁德,上下和諧同心,不能謀取。
“賢人是禮”是賓語(yǔ)前置句,意思是“禮賢人”,做“魏君”的謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),在后面C處斷開(kāi)。
“國(guó)人稱(chēng)仁”是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),在后面的E處斷開(kāi)。
“上下和合”是主謂結(jié)構(gòu),在后面的H處斷開(kāi)。
故選CEH。
【11題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解和掌握文言文一詞多義現(xiàn)象、詞類(lèi)活用現(xiàn)象和古代文化常識(shí)的能力。
A.錯(cuò)誤。同“宴”,宴飲/同“宴”,安樂(lè),歡樂(lè)。句意:等到安閑的時(shí)候,設(shè)置酒宴。/棄婦訴說(shuō)原夫再娶與新歡作樂(lè),后反其意,用作慶賀新婚之辭。形容新婚時(shí)的歡樂(lè)。
B.正確。怪,以……為怪,意動(dòng)用法/恥,以……為恥,意動(dòng)用法。句意:皇上感到奇怪。/不以互相學(xué)習(xí)為恥。
C.正確。向尊長(zhǎng)敬酒并祝長(zhǎng)壽。句意:四個(gè)人敬酒祝福已畢。/劉邦獻(xiàn)上一杯酒向項(xiàng)伯祝酒。
D.正確。同“軾”,車(chē)前橫木。此用為動(dòng)詞,古人立而乘車(chē),低頭扶軾以表敬意的禮節(jié)。句意:魏文侯從段干木居住的里巷經(jīng)過(guò),手扶車(chē)軾表示敬意。/表情嚴(yán)肅起來(lái),扶著車(chē)前橫木俯下身子,表示敬意。
故選A。
【12題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解和分析的能力。
C.“留侯親自招來(lái)的”錯(cuò)誤,“留侯本招此四人之力也”是說(shuō)這四個(gè)人原本是留侯推薦,呂后“令太子為書(shū),卑辭安車(chē),因使辯士固請(qǐng)”,最終招致而來(lái)的,不是“留侯親自招來(lái)的”。
故選C。
【13題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解和翻譯文言文句子的能力。
(1)“辟”,通“避”,逃避,躲避;“自”,自愿;“游”,交游。
(2)“……者,……也”,……的原因是……,……是因?yàn);“賢”,以……為賢;“高”,形容詞做動(dòng)詞,推崇。
【14題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選信息和概括分析、比較材料的能力。
王充的觀(guān)點(diǎn)從行動(dòng)、效果、策略上點(diǎn)明了二者的相似之處。
從行動(dòng)上看,“太子敬厚四皓”,材料二指出“太子為書(shū),卑辭安車(chē),因使辯士固請(qǐng)”,四皓是當(dāng)時(shí)著名隱士;“魏文式段干木之閭”,材料一指出“文侯受子夏經(jīng)藝,客段干木,過(guò)其閭,未嘗不軾也”,子夏是“孔門(mén)十哲”之一!疤印薄拔暮睢倍级Y敬賢士。
從效果上看,“以消高帝之議”,材料二指出“上欲廢太子……上曰:‘煩公幸卒調(diào)護(hù)太子!共灰滋印;“卻強(qiáng)秦之兵”,材料一指出“秦嘗欲伐魏,或曰:‘魏君賢人是禮,國(guó)人稱(chēng)仁,上下和合,未可圖也’”,材料三補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明“秦兵為之不至”。二人都巧妙化解了危機(jī)。
從策略上看,王充認(rèn)為“強(qiáng)弱不敵,眾寡不同”“力少則修德”!耙跃从酿┒穸Y之,太子遂安”“消高帝之議”和“魏文式段干木之閭,卻強(qiáng)秦之兵”都是采用了“修德”的策略,達(dá)到了保全自己的目的。
參考譯文:
材料一:
文侯師從子夏學(xué)經(jīng)書(shū),以客禮對(duì)待段干木,經(jīng)過(guò)他的鄉(xiāng)里,沒(méi)有一次不憑軾敬禮的。秦國(guó)曾想進(jìn)攻魏國(guó)。有人說(shuō):“魏君對(duì)賢人特別敬重,魏國(guó)人都稱(chēng)贊他的仁德,上下和諧同心,不能謀取!蔽暮钜虼说玫街T侯的贊譽(yù)。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·魏世家》)
材料二:
皇上想廢掉太子,立戚夫人生的兒子趙王如意。呂后很害怕,就派建成侯呂澤脅迫留侯,竭力要挾說(shuō):“一定得給我出個(gè)主意!绷艉钫f(shuō):“回想皇上不能招致而來(lái)的,天下有四個(gè)人,F(xiàn)在您果真能不惜金玉璧帛,讓太子寫(xiě)一封信,言辭謙恭,駕著(用四匹馬拉的)安車(chē),趁機(jī)派能言善辯之士懇切地聘請(qǐng),他們應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)來(lái);噬现肋@四個(gè)人賢能,那么這對(duì)太子是一大幫助!睗h十二年,皇上隨著擊敗黥布的軍隊(duì)回來(lái),病勢(shì)更加沉重,愈發(fā)想更換太子。等到宴飲的時(shí)候,設(shè)置酒宴,太子在旁侍奉。那四人跟著太子,他們的年齡都已八十多歲,須眉潔白,衣冠非常奇特;噬细械狡婀郑瑔(wèn)道:“他們是干什么的?”四個(gè)人上前對(duì)答,各自說(shuō)出姓名;噬嫌谑谴篌@說(shuō):“我訪(fǎng)求先生們好幾年了,先生們都逃避我,現(xiàn)在先生們?yōu)楹巫栽父S我兒交游呢?”四人都說(shuō):“陛下輕慢士人,喜歡罵人,我們講求道義,不愿受辱,所以惶恐地逃跑躲藏起來(lái)。我們私下聞知太子為人仁義孝順,謙恭有禮,喜愛(ài)士人,天下人沒(méi)有誰(shuí)不伸長(zhǎng)脖子想為太子拼死效力的。因此我們就來(lái)了!被噬险f(shuō):“煩勞諸位始終如一(善始善終)地好好調(diào)教保護(hù)太子吧。”四個(gè)人敬酒祝福已畢,小步快走離去;噬掀鹕黼x去,一直到酒宴結(jié)束,皇上最終沒(méi)有更換太子,原本是留侯招致這四個(gè)人發(fā)生了效力。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·留侯世家》)
材料三:
議論者中有人說(shuō):“魏文侯從段干木居住的里巷經(jīng)過(guò),手扶車(chē)軾表示敬意,秦軍因此不去攻打魏國(guó),并不是法制的功效。雖然在保全國(guó)家方面有好處,也不值得重視。”那么,法制的功能,指的是什么呢?養(yǎng)活三軍士兵,明確賞罰法令,嚴(yán)厲刑法,富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵,這就是法制。六國(guó)滅亡,都滅亡在秦國(guó)的軍隊(duì)。六國(guó)的軍隊(duì)并非不精銳,士兵的力量也并非不強(qiáng),然而甚至于被打敗滅亡,這是因?yàn)閺?qiáng)弱不相當(dāng),多少不一樣,即使明確了法制,那又有什么益處呢?假使小孩違背了大力士孟賁的心意,孟賁發(fā)怒,小孩持刀跟孟賁對(duì)打,小孩肯定不能取勝,因?yàn)榱α窟h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如孟賁。要是孟賁發(fā)怒,而小孩講究禮節(jié),對(duì)他非常恭敬,孟賁才會(huì)不忍加害。秦國(guó)與魏國(guó),就像孟賁與小孩一樣。力量弱小就該修養(yǎng)德行,軍隊(duì)強(qiáng)大就該發(fā)揚(yáng)威力。秦國(guó)憑借軍隊(duì)強(qiáng)大,威力無(wú)窮戰(zhàn)無(wú)不勝。撤回軍隊(duì),不去侵犯魏國(guó)領(lǐng)土,是因?yàn)榍剀娮鹬囟胃赡静傩匈t良,推崇魏文侯的禮義。漢高皇帝主張想廢掉太子劉盈,呂后很擔(dān)憂(yōu),張子房(張良)教太子用謙恭的態(tài)度去迎請(qǐng)四皓,并豐厚地禮遇他們。太子的地位安穩(wěn)了太子敬重厚待四皓,來(lái)消除了高皇帝廢掉太子的想法,就像魏文侯到里巷對(duì)段干木表示敬意,退掉了強(qiáng)大的秦軍一樣。
。ü(jié)選自王充《論衡·非韓》)
。ǘ┕糯(shī)歌閱讀(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面這首宋詩(shī),完成下面小題。
雨后為山亭獨(dú)臥
葉夢(mèng)得①
過(guò)雨虛檐氣稍清,臥聞刁斗起連營(yíng)。
幾看薄月當(dāng)軒過(guò),驚見(jiàn)陰蟲(chóng)繞砌鳴②。
洶洶南江浮靜夜,寥寥北斗掛高城。
白頭心事今如許,慚愧兒童話(huà)請(qǐng)纓。
[注]①葉夢(mèng)得:南宋文學(xué)家,曾致力于抗金防備及軍餉勤務(wù)。②陰蟲(chóng):秋蟲(chóng),如蟋蟀之類(lèi)。
15. 下列對(duì)這首詩(shī)的理解和賞析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 雨后空氣清新,為山亭的夜晚涼爽宜人,然而詩(shī)人的心情卻難以平靜。
B. 本詩(shī)第二句與辛棄疾《破陣子》中的“夢(mèng)回吹角連營(yíng)”一句立意相似。
C. 詩(shī)人憑軒望月,浮想聯(lián)翩,而階前突然傳出的蟲(chóng)鳴聲驚擾了他的思緒。
D. 頸聯(lián)通過(guò)江水、星空等物象營(yíng)造出了一個(gè)天高地迥、蒼茫寂寥的境界。
16. 如何理解詩(shī)人的“白頭心事”?請(qǐng)結(jié)合詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】15. C 16. ①首聯(lián)寫(xiě)詩(shī)人獨(dú)臥為山亭,似乎聽(tīng)到連營(yíng)中的刁斗聲,表達(dá)了他渴望像年輕時(shí)一樣充滿(mǎn)豪情壯志、為國(guó)征戰(zhàn)效力;②頷聯(lián)和頸聯(lián)寫(xiě)詩(shī)人夜不能寐,只能看薄月過(guò)軒、高掛城頭、南江夜靜,聽(tīng)陰蟲(chóng)鳴砌。詩(shī)人已白發(fā)蒼蒼,英雄老去,不得重用,再難建功立業(yè),詩(shī)人心中充滿(mǎn)無(wú)奈、憤懣。③尾聯(lián)運(yùn)用終軍請(qǐng)纓的典故,將自己與“兒童”對(duì)比,“慚愧”一詞暗將矛頭指向南宋統(tǒng)治者,表達(dá)了對(duì)南宋朝廷茍且偷安、不思收復(fù)國(guó)土的不滿(mǎn)。
【解析】
【15題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析理解詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容的能力。
C.“階前突然傳出的蟲(chóng)鳴聲驚擾了他的思緒”錯(cuò),“驚見(jiàn)陰蟲(chóng)繞砌鳴”的“驚”并非蟲(chóng)鳴驚擾了詩(shī)人思緒,而是與“幾看薄月當(dāng)軒過(guò)”的“幾看”相對(duì),是暗暗心驚于時(shí)光飛逝,年華空老。
故選C。
【16題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容,鑒賞詩(shī)歌情感的能力。
詩(shī)歌前三聯(lián)描寫(xiě)詩(shī)人雨后獨(dú)臥為山亭看到的景象,聽(tīng)到的聲音以及詩(shī)人內(nèi)心的感受。
首聯(lián)寫(xiě)雨過(guò)天晴,空氣清新,詩(shī)人臥在為山亭中,耳中似乎傳來(lái)軍營(yíng)中的刁斗之聲!暗蠖贰,古代軍隊(duì)中用的一種器具,銅質(zhì),有柄,能容一斗。軍中白天可供一人燒飯,夜間敲擊以巡更。其實(shí)詩(shī)人獨(dú)臥為山亭,是不可能聽(tīng)到刁斗聲的,詩(shī)人的錯(cuò)覺(jué)恰恰反映出他心中放不下軍營(yíng),渴望像年輕時(shí)一樣充滿(mǎn)豪情壯志,在軍營(yíng)征戰(zhàn),為國(guó)效力;
頷聯(lián)和頸聯(lián)寫(xiě)多次看到薄月過(guò)軒,心驚于又一次陰蟲(chóng)砌鳴,洶涌的南江在夜色中靜靜浮動(dòng),孤寂的北斗星獨(dú)自高掛城頭。貌似寧?kù)o的夜晚,詩(shī)人無(wú)法成眠,一個(gè)人靜靜地看著、聽(tīng)著,等待天明,恰恰反映出詩(shī)人因不得重用、年華空老而夜不能寐,心事重重。
尾聯(lián)則直接點(diǎn)明“白發(fā)心事”是“慚愧”,慚愧的內(nèi)容是“兒童話(huà)請(qǐng)纓”。此句運(yùn)用終軍請(qǐng)纓的典故,將自己與“兒童”對(duì)比,“兒童”尚且“話(huà)請(qǐng)纓”,想要為國(guó)效力,而詩(shī)人卻只能獨(dú)臥為山亭。這“慚愧”的背后,是詩(shī)人渴望為國(guó)效力卻不得的無(wú)奈、憤懣,是對(duì)南宋朝廷茍且偷安、不思收復(fù)國(guó)土的不滿(mǎn),也有英雄老去的無(wú)奈。
。ㄈ┟淠瑢(xiě)(本題共1小題,6分)
17. 補(bǔ)寫(xiě)出下列句子中的空缺部分。
(1)同學(xué)們到郊外春游,陽(yáng)光下樹(shù)木蔥郁,水流淙淙,小慧不禁想起了陶淵明《歸去來(lái)兮辭》中的文句:“_________________,_________________!
。2)快過(guò)年了,于老師牽掛在成都旅行的女兒,給她發(fā)短信息時(shí)用了李白《蜀道難》中的詩(shī)句“_________________,_________________”,希望她不要貪玩,早點(diǎn)兒回家。
。3)古代詩(shī)人在寫(xiě)離情時(shí),經(jīng)常在詩(shī)的上下兩句中分別表達(dá)離別雙方的情思,如唐詩(shī)“________________,_________________”就是如此。
【答案】 ①. 木欣欣以向榮 ②. 泉涓涓而始流 ③. 錦城雖云樂(lè) ④. 不如早還家 ⑤. 洛陽(yáng)親友如相問(wèn) ⑥. 一片冰心在玉壺(誰(shuí)家今夜扁舟子 何處相思明月樓)
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確默寫(xiě)常見(jiàn)的名篇名句的能力。
易錯(cuò)字詞有:欣、涓、錦、扁。
三、語(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用(20分)
。ㄒ唬┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用I(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
看云似乎是很多北京人的日常,自到了北京,我也入鄉(xiāng)隨了俗,經(jīng)?雌鹪苼(lái)。那天是周六,我和幾個(gè)朋友在一家書(shū)店閑聊,因?yàn)橐恢绷粢庵巴獾脑,聊天時(shí)我有些心不在焉。書(shū)店是整幅的玻璃幕墻,大大小小的云在窗框里,如畫(huà)一般,還帶有特別隨意任性的毛邊兒。帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒的大塊云和帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒的小塊云都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。哪怕再高妙的丹青手,也畫(huà)不出來(lái)那個(gè)勁兒,實(shí)在是美翻了。
云這么好看,卻也不妨礙它下雨。那天,我們?cè)谒吻f的街道上閑逛,走著走著雨就來(lái)了。雨來(lái)了,云還在,太陽(yáng)也還在。這就是名副其實(shí)的太陽(yáng)雨了吧?淋著這雨,我們都沒(méi)有打傘。打傘會(huì)覺(jué)得辜負(fù)了這云的,也會(huì)辜負(fù)這雨,不是嗎?
18. 文中畫(huà)線(xiàn)處是個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,請(qǐng)改成幾個(gè)較短的語(yǔ)句,可以改變語(yǔ)序,少量增刪詞語(yǔ),但不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
19. 文章結(jié)尾處的“不是嗎?”是個(gè)問(wèn)句,卻并不表疑問(wèn),它起到了什么作用?
【答案】18. 大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒,小塊云帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒,它們都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。
19. 本句是無(wú)疑而問(wèn)的反問(wèn)句,故意設(shè)問(wèn)是為了引起讀者思考,增強(qiáng)情感力度,強(qiáng)調(diào)作者和朋友們不打傘在雨中淋著而行的愜意美好,表達(dá)對(duì)北京的云和太陽(yáng)雨的喜愛(ài)和享受。
【解析】
【18題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之句式變換的能力。
長(zhǎng)句變短句的一般步驟為:提取主干;切分修飾成分,轉(zhuǎn)換成主謂句子;根據(jù)句子與句子間的邏輯關(guān)系調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。
第一步,提取原句的主謂賓:大塊云和小塊云都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。
第二步,將定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成主謂句:將定語(yǔ)“帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒的大塊云”變成主謂句“大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒”;將定語(yǔ)“帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒的小塊云” 變成主謂句“小塊云帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒”,去掉連詞“和”。
第三步,按照邏輯關(guān)系調(diào)整語(yǔ)序:先分別敘述“大塊云”“小塊云”的特征,然后對(duì)它們的共同特征進(jìn)行總結(jié),故答案為:大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒,小塊云帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒,它們都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。
【19題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之賞析標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)用法,賞析句子表達(dá)效果的能力。
問(wèn)句可以分為疑問(wèn)句、設(shè)問(wèn)句、反問(wèn)句。其中是問(wèn)句卻不表示疑問(wèn)的是反問(wèn)句,“不是嗎”屬于反問(wèn)句,無(wú)疑而問(wèn),用問(wèn)句是為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)勢(shì),使表達(dá)意思更肯定,引導(dǎo)讀者思考和想象!安皇菃帷笔菍(duì)上文作者與朋友在街道上閑逛,恰好遇上了太陽(yáng)雨,便淋雨而行這一行為的肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào),表達(dá)作者對(duì)太陽(yáng)雨的喜愛(ài),對(duì)淋雨而行的喜歡和享受。
。ǘ┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用Ⅱ(本題共3小題,11分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
眾所周知,運(yùn)動(dòng)可以幫助放松肌肉、減輕身體緊張感、改善血液循環(huán),讓我們身體更健康,但是,可能很多人都不知道,運(yùn)動(dòng)更是讓我們心情愉悅、大腦強(qiáng)健的“靈丹妙藥”。多年以前,運(yùn)動(dòng)就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,療效不但立竿見(jiàn)影,令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng),經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)的人,相信都體驗(yàn)過(guò)“跑者欣快”,即連續(xù)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)一段時(shí)間后, ① ,但心情很好,有一種酣暢淋漓的感覺(jué),這是因?yàn)椋\(yùn)動(dòng)可以促使大腦分泌許多與愉悅感相關(guān)的“快樂(lè)物質(zhì)”,如多巴胺、內(nèi)啡肽等。而運(yùn)動(dòng)后的大腦,還會(huì)分泌一種名叫腦源性神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子的蛋白質(zhì),有助于強(qiáng)健大腦。因此,運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅會(huì)讓你輕松快樂(lè),還會(huì)讓你頭腦更清晰,更有活力。當(dāng)然,不是每個(gè)人 ② ,但即使做一些輕微運(yùn)動(dòng),也是有助于身心健康的。
20. 文中畫(huà)波浪線(xiàn)的句子有語(yǔ)病。請(qǐng)進(jìn)行修改,使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確流暢,邏輯嚴(yán)密,可少量增刪詞語(yǔ),不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
21. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谖闹袡M線(xiàn)處補(bǔ)寫(xiě)恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)句,使整段文字語(yǔ)意完整連貫,內(nèi)容貼切,邏輯嚴(yán)密,每處不超過(guò)10個(gè)字。
22. 下列句子中的“相信”與文中加點(diǎn)的“相信”,意義和用法相同的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 身處困境他卻并不消沉,相信自己能拼出一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。
B. 我滿(mǎn)心歡喜地迎接他回來(lái),相信現(xiàn)在的他一定和從前不同。
C. 看到氣勢(shì)磅礴的壺口瀑布,相信每一位游客都會(huì)激動(dòng)不已。
D. 翠翠還是不離開(kāi)碼頭,相信祖父會(huì)來(lái)找她,同她一起回家。
【答案】20. 多年以前,運(yùn)動(dòng)就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,不但療效立竿見(jiàn)影、令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
21. ①雖然身體很累(雖然身體很疲憊);②都能高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)。
22. C
【解析】
【20題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析并修改病句的能力。
原文“療效不但立竿見(jiàn)影,令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣”中,關(guān)聯(lián)詞“不但”語(yǔ)序不當(dāng)。根據(jù)原文,這句話(huà)的“療效”是“立竿見(jiàn)影,令人信服”的主語(yǔ),但不是“適用范圍很廣”的主語(yǔ)。兩個(gè)分句主語(yǔ)不同,關(guān)聯(lián)詞應(yīng)該放到前句開(kāi)頭。用“不但……而且……”連接,邏輯合理,分別說(shuō)明了運(yùn)動(dòng)治療的效果和適用范圍方面的特點(diǎn)。所以正確的句子應(yīng)為:多年以前,運(yùn)動(dòng)就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,不但療效立竿見(jiàn)影、令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
【21題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之情境補(bǔ)寫(xiě)的能力。
①處,后句“但心情很好”,與①處形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,該處應(yīng)使用一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,如“雖然”;前句提到“連續(xù)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)一段時(shí)間后”,可推知該空應(yīng)該銜接上句,可填“雖然身體很累”,或“雖然身體很疲憊”。
、谔,后句“但即使做一些輕微運(yùn)動(dòng)”,與②處形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,該空應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)與“輕微運(yùn)動(dòng)”相對(duì)的內(nèi)容,本段語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“連續(xù)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)”對(duì)人身體的益處,所以該空可填:都能高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)。
【22題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析詞語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)境義的能力。
文中加點(diǎn)的“相信”表示認(rèn)為某事是真實(shí)的、可信的,表達(dá)一種推測(cè)和信任。
A.“相信”是有信心的意思。
B.“相信”是認(rèn)為的意思。
C.“相信”也是認(rèn)為某事是真實(shí)的、可信的,與文中的“相信”意義和用法相同。
D.“相信”是期望、盼望意思。
故選C。
四、寫(xiě)作(60分)
23. 閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)要求寫(xiě)作。
本試卷現(xiàn)代文閱讀I提到,長(zhǎng)久以來(lái),人們只能看到月球固定朝向地球的一面,“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù)揭開(kāi)了月背的神秘面紗;隨著“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”飛離地球,航天人的目光又投向遙遠(yuǎn)的深空……
正如人類(lèi)的太空之旅,我們每個(gè)人也都在不斷抵達(dá)未知之境。
這引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想與思考?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇文章。
要求:選準(zhǔn)角度,確定立意,明確文體,自擬標(biāo)題;不要套作,不得抄襲;不得泄露個(gè)人信息;不少于800字。
【答案】例文:
肩負(fù)人生使命 抵達(dá)未知之境
上古神話(huà)里,炎黃子孫渴望御龍乘鶴、摘星攬?jiān),?duì)燦爛星河充滿(mǎn)向往;當(dāng)代太空之旅中,航天英雄沖破云霄,直上九天,將目光投向更遙遠(yuǎn)的深空。一代又一代的航天人上下求索,抵達(dá)一個(gè)個(gè)未知之境,吾輩青年也應(yīng)追風(fēng)趕浪,探索不息,不斷抵達(dá)生命的未知之境。
“生活的全部意義在于無(wú)窮地探索尚未知道的東西”,人生使命在于永葆好奇心,永葆求知欲,探查未知之境的秘密。
天馬行空的好奇心,是通向未知之境的燈塔。面對(duì)浩瀚無(wú)邊的宇宙,先民們?cè)缇驮诤闷嫘牡尿?qū)使下萌發(fā)出探索宇宙的念頭,浩如煙海的神話(huà)故事中更是不乏“嫦娥奔月”般唯美的遐想。人類(lèi)邁向星空的腳步更是不曾停歇,從第一顆人造衛(wèi)星升空到阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”,再到“中國(guó)天眼”的誕生,我們?cè)诤闷嫘臒羲闹敢,一次又一次地探索更遼闊的世界。探索的樂(lè)趣與未知的誘惑,給予了人類(lèi)不竭的動(dòng)力,讓我們一步步接近科學(xué)和宇宙的奧義,照亮人類(lèi)文明進(jìn)步的旅途。
“千淘萬(wàn)雖辛苦,吹盡狂沙始到金”,人生使命在于腳踏實(shí)地,不懈拼搏,讓遙不可及的未來(lái)變成踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的已來(lái)。
想要抵達(dá)遠(yuǎn)方之境,必須心中有信念,腳下有行動(dòng),走過(guò)千山萬(wàn)水,還要跋山涉水;跨過(guò)雄關(guān)險(xiǎn)隘,還要闖關(guān)奪隘。如袁隆平,頭頂烈日,腳踩爛泥,才終于圓夢(mèng)禾下乘涼;如樊錦詩(shī),扎根大漠,夢(mèng)愛(ài)遺跡,才取得數(shù)字敦煌的舉世矚目;如張桂梅半生奔波,半生堅(jiān)守,才實(shí)現(xiàn)讓貧困女孩走出大山的夢(mèng)想!俺晒Φ幕,人們只驚慕它現(xiàn)時(shí)的明艷,孰不知當(dāng)初她的芽?jī)簼B透了奮斗的淚泉,灑遍了犧牲的血雨”,冰心說(shuō)如是。抵達(dá)遠(yuǎn)方不是掛在嘴邊,喊喊口號(hào),這山望著那山高,而是要把它轉(zhuǎn)化為內(nèi)生動(dòng)力和實(shí)際行動(dòng),日日夜夜的奮斗、持續(xù)不斷的探索,才能一步一步抵達(dá)未知之境。
“路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮,吾將上下而求索”,人生使命在于不滿(mǎn)當(dāng)下,探索不止,奔赴下一個(gè)大海星辰。
抵達(dá)之境是上一次探索的終點(diǎn),也是下一次探索的起點(diǎn),人類(lèi)無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不在對(duì)生命進(jìn)行追問(wèn)與探索,這種前赴后繼的研究與追尋帶領(lǐng)我們從這個(gè)已知之境奔赴向下一個(gè)未知之境。從第一次工業(yè)革命的蒸汽時(shí)代到第三次工業(yè)革命的航天時(shí)代,從活字印刷術(shù)的派生到如今快速便捷的互聯(lián)網(wǎng),從物種起源到克隆技術(shù)的發(fā)展,從掃地機(jī)器人到ChatGPT ……踔厲向前,篤行不怠,才能看得見(jiàn)一路的彧彧花繁,才能抵達(dá)下一個(gè)未知的美好之境。
新世紀(jì)的鐘聲已經(jīng)敲響,讓好奇之心點(diǎn)燃求知的熱情,讓探索的足跡化合成創(chuàng)造的交響樂(lè),讓永不停歇的腳步帶領(lǐng)我們抵達(dá)一個(gè)又一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)吸引的未知之境……
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力
審題:
這是一道引語(yǔ)類(lèi)材料作文題。
作文材料關(guān)聯(lián)本試卷現(xiàn)代文閱讀I,以材料三為主,兼及材料二,并以“太空之旅”一詞照應(yīng)材料一,展現(xiàn)出人類(lèi)的月球探索歷程。
作文材料最后一句“正如人類(lèi)的太空之旅,我們每個(gè)人也都在不斷抵達(dá)未知之境”,將偉大的人類(lèi)探索之旅拉回到考生的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活場(chǎng)景,其中的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)是“抵達(dá)未知之境”,既包含了“抵達(dá)未知之境”之前的探索進(jìn)程,充滿(mǎn)艱辛,飽含期待;也蘊(yùn)含著“抵達(dá)未知之境”之后永不止步的愿望,充滿(mǎn)信心,渴望再度踏上征程?忌⒁庾魑,不能止步于對(duì)“航天精神”的謳歌,而要回到“我們每個(gè)人”這一語(yǔ)境,使“抵達(dá)未知之境”的太空之旅與青少年的成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展之間構(gòu)成一種新的觀(guān)照維度。成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的艱辛與喜悅、新的人生起點(diǎn)的憧憬與期盼,都是考生展開(kāi)聯(lián)想與思考的著力點(diǎn)。
材料中的“未知”也是一個(gè)值得思考的話(huà)題!拔粗北澈蟮摹安淮_定性”,讓探索變得迷人,而好奇心在驅(qū)遣我們?nèi)ハ胂,推?dòng)我們?nèi)ニ伎,由此考生可以生發(fā)出深邃的議論與獨(dú)到的觀(guān)點(diǎn)?梢試@“探索未知”、“勇于挑戰(zhàn)”和“不斷成長(zhǎng)”等主題展開(kāi),探討個(gè)體在面對(duì)未知時(shí)應(yīng)有的態(tài)度、行動(dòng)和收獲。
如果能以日常學(xué)習(xí)生活的成長(zhǎng)進(jìn)步為切入點(diǎn),寫(xiě)出生動(dòng)形象、感情真摯的記敘文,寫(xiě)出學(xué)習(xí)生活中無(wú)處不在的“探究精神”,都是符合作文命題指向的。
行文構(gòu)思上,先概括材料,由材料引出觀(guān)點(diǎn),如:探索未知之境,收獲生命厚重。接下來(lái)從怎么辦的角度展開(kāi)論述,一、需要有探索未知的勇氣,勇敢邁出第一步;二、需要有堅(jiān)持不懈的奮斗,一步一步向未知靠近;三、需要有永不滿(mǎn)足的心態(tài),向下一個(gè)未知之境進(jìn)發(fā)。最后總結(jié)觀(guān)點(diǎn),生命因探索而變得厚重,我們只有在探索未知的道路上不斷前行,才能抵達(dá)更遠(yuǎn)的地方。
立意:
1.探索未知之境,成就無(wú)限可能。
2.我以探索之心,追逐未知之境。
3.勇于挑戰(zhàn),不斷成長(zhǎng),抵達(dá)未知。
4.始于好奇,續(xù)于探索,成于新境。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(全國(guó)甲卷)
語(yǔ) 文
使用地區(qū):四川、寧夏、內(nèi)蒙古、青海、陜西
本試卷滿(mǎn)分150分,考試時(shí)間150分鐘。
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(36分)
。ǘ⿲(shí)用類(lèi)文本閱讀(本題共3小題,12分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
“偷梁換柱”多指以假代真,用欺騙的手段改變事物的性質(zhì),然而在古建筑工程領(lǐng)域,“偷梁換柱”卻屬于一種科學(xué)實(shí)用的修繕加固方法。
梁是截面形狀一般為長(zhǎng)方形的木料,且木料的長(zhǎng)度尺寸遠(yuǎn)大于截面尺寸。梁為水平放置,兩端的底部有支撐構(gòu)件。梁主要用于承擔(dān)建筑上部構(gòu)件及屋頂?shù)娜恐亓,并把這些重量向下傳給支撐構(gòu)件。柱為梁的支撐構(gòu)件。柱子截面形狀一般為圓形,長(zhǎng)度尺寸遠(yuǎn)大于截面直徑。柱子為豎向放置,主要用于承擔(dān)上部梁傳來(lái)的重量,并向下傳遞給下部的梁或直接傳至地面。梁與柱采用榫卯形式連接,形成穩(wěn)固的大木結(jié)構(gòu)體系。位于屋架內(nèi)的若干梁在豎向被層層往上“抬”,上下梁之間由短柱支撐,底部的梁由立于地面的立柱支撐。梁、柱均為中國(guó)木結(jié)構(gòu)古建筑的核心受力、傳力構(gòu)件,缺一不可。
對(duì)于古建筑而言,立于地面的立柱,或因長(zhǎng)期承受上部結(jié)構(gòu)傳來(lái)的重量而產(chǎn)生開(kāi)裂殘損,或因柱底部位長(zhǎng)期受到地面潮氣影響而出現(xiàn)糟朽殘損,這導(dǎo)致木柱強(qiáng)度下降,無(wú)法正常支撐梁。此時(shí)可采用“偷梁換柱”的加固方法。“偷梁換柱”實(shí)際就是“托梁換柱”。其基本做法為:首先將“假柱”(即臨時(shí)的豎向支撐構(gòu)件)安裝在梁底部、原柱(原有立柱)旁邊;再抽去原柱,使梁傳來(lái)的重量暫時(shí)由“假柱”承擔(dān);然后安裝新柱,新柱的材料、尺寸及安裝位置與原有立柱相同;最后將“假柱”移去。
完善的“偷梁換柱”加固方法具有科學(xué)性,其原理主要包括三個(gè)方面:其一,從梁的角度而言,它是水平受力構(gòu)件,并把外力向下傳給立柱。梁只有保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),才能保證整個(gè)大木結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定。在加固古建筑的過(guò)程中,梁始終受到支托,因而能一直保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。其二,從柱的角度而言,它是豎向支撐構(gòu)件,并最終把上部構(gòu)件的重量傳給地基。只有立柱具有充足的承載力,且與梁有可靠連接時(shí),才能有效承擔(dān)梁傳來(lái)的作用力。加固過(guò)程中,技術(shù)人員雖然將原柱抽去,但是預(yù)先將“假柱”設(shè)置于原柱附近,讓“假柱”代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用,因而換柱過(guò)程對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)整體的穩(wěn)定基本無(wú)影響。換柱完成后,新柱與原柱有著同樣的材料、尺寸,且與梁有著相同的可靠連接方式,它完全能夠代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用。其三,從梁、柱整體結(jié)構(gòu)角度而言,“偷梁換柱”方法對(duì)整體結(jié)構(gòu)干擾小,且能達(dá)到良好的加固效果:原柱被新柱原位替換,新柱不僅有很好的支撐作用,而且與梁仍有可靠連接;“假柱”僅用于加固過(guò)程的臨時(shí)支撐,且在原柱撤去后新柱安裝前,能夠與梁臨時(shí)組成穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)體系。因此,在“偷梁換柱”過(guò)程中,梁、柱結(jié)構(gòu)整體始終處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。
中國(guó)古建筑大木構(gòu)架剖面示意圖
。ㄕ幾灾芮豆蕦m建筑細(xì)探》)
4. 下列對(duì)原文相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. “偷梁換柱”這一成語(yǔ)在現(xiàn)今的使用中多含有貶義的色彩,但在古建筑工程領(lǐng)域,它是指一種修繕加固的科學(xué)方法,完全沒(méi)有貶義。
B. 中國(guó)古建筑大木構(gòu)架剖面示意圖展示了幾種不同位置、不同尺寸的柱,這些柱子中,立于地面的立柱比較容易發(fā)生糟朽殘損的情況。
C. 結(jié)合圖文可以發(fā)現(xiàn),屋頂?shù)闹亓坑缮蠈又袚?dān),然后傳給梁,再由梁傳遞給其下的短柱,依次向下傳遞,最終由底部的立柱傳至地面。
D. “偷梁換柱”的加固方法包括托梁、抽柱、換柱等步驟,在每一個(gè)步驟中梁一直會(huì)得到很好的支撐,從而始終能夠保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。
5. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,在下面文段的橫線(xiàn)處補(bǔ)寫(xiě)出恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)。
工程實(shí)例:故宮太和殿是我國(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿,明清兩代帝王即位或節(jié)日慶典都在此舉行。2004年,技術(shù)人員在對(duì)太和殿進(jìn)行勘查時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)有一根立柱下部三分之一的位置出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重糟朽,于是采取了“偷梁換柱”的方法對(duì)該立柱進(jìn)行加固。具體過(guò)程如下:先使用“假柱”托住原柱上部的梁!凹僦睘橥旰玫哪玖希话惭b在_________附近,用于臨時(shí)支撐梁。再把柱子底部糟朽部分抽去,以便用_________代替。原柱糟朽部分去掉后,剩余的部分做成巴掌形,與新柱搭接。新柱與被抽去的糟朽部分同材料、同形狀、同尺寸,且頂部亦做成巴掌榫形狀。最后再把_________拆除,即完成了原有立柱的加固。
6. 清代的古籍中有另一種“偷梁換柱”的記載:當(dāng)某根立柱損壞需要更換時(shí),為節(jié)省工料,工匠只是在原柱旁邊設(shè)一根新柱,再撤去原柱。為什么第2題“工程實(shí)例”中,太和殿修繕沒(méi)有采用這種更簡(jiǎn)便的加固方式呢?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】4. C 5. ①. 原柱 ②. 新柱 ③. 假柱
6. ①新柱如果沒(méi)有原位替換原柱,可能會(huì)改變建筑原結(jié)構(gòu)的受力和傳力方式,影響整體的穩(wěn)定性;
、谔偷钍侵袊(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿,建造之初工匠們應(yīng)該經(jīng)過(guò)了精心的測(cè)量,原位替換才是最佳的解決方案;
③太和殿的修繕加固追求最大程度地保持文物原貌,節(jié)省工料不是優(yōu)先考慮的因素。
【解析】
【4題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解、分析文章內(nèi)容和理解圖表的能力。
C.“屋頂重量由上層柱承擔(dān),然后傳給梁”錯(cuò)誤,原文第二段“梁為水平放置”“梁主要用于承擔(dān)建筑上部構(gòu)件及屋頂?shù)娜恐亓,并把這些重量向下傳給支撐構(gòu)件”,示意圖中線(xiàn)條指示的橫著的木料是“梁”,它承擔(dān)屋頂?shù)娜恐亓俊_x項(xiàng)受力、傳力分析不對(duì)。
故選C。
【5題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選整合信息、根據(jù)文本信息進(jìn)行判斷推理和情境補(bǔ)寫(xiě)的能力。
試題以故宮太和殿的修繕工程實(shí)例為題面,要求學(xué)生在理解“偷梁換柱”全過(guò)程,尤其是原柱、“假柱”、新柱三者關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,補(bǔ)寫(xiě)空缺內(nèi)容。
題干中“具體過(guò)程如下”可對(duì)應(yīng)材料第三段的“其基本做法為……”。
第①處,“被安裝在……附近”,對(duì)應(yīng)材料的“首先將‘假柱’(即臨時(shí)的豎向支撐構(gòu)件)安裝在梁底部、原柱(原有立柱)旁邊”或第四段“預(yù)先將‘假柱’設(shè)置于原柱附近”,“附近”與“旁邊”意思相近,故填“原柱”。
第②處,“以便用……代替”,對(duì)應(yīng)“使梁傳來(lái)的重量暫時(shí)由‘假柱’承擔(dān);然后安裝新柱,新柱的材料、尺寸及安裝位置與原有立柱相同”或第四段“原柱被新柱原位替換”,“假柱”只是代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用,真正用于替換的應(yīng)該是“新柱”,故填“新柱”。
第③處,“最后再把……拆除”,對(duì)應(yīng)“最后將‘假柱’移去”,“假柱”的引號(hào)不能刪除,因?yàn)楸硎咎囟ǚQ(chēng)謂,故填“‘假柱’”。
【6題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選并整合信息、根據(jù)文本信息進(jìn)行判斷推理的能力。
題干中的方法“更簡(jiǎn)便”,但是由材料和上一題的信息可知:完善的“偷梁換柱”加固方法具有科學(xué)性。
首先,從受力分析角度看,原文第四段從三個(gè)角度“從梁的角度而言……保證整個(gè)大木結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定”“從柱的角度而言……對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)整體的穩(wěn)定基本無(wú)影響”“從梁、柱整體結(jié)構(gòu)角度而言……組成穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)體系”,進(jìn)行受力、傳力分析,得出:原位替換可以保證整體的穩(wěn)定性。
其次,從工匠精神的“精益求精”追求看,上一題的材料中指出“故宮太和殿是我國(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿,明清兩代帝王即位或節(jié)日慶典都在此舉行”,大殿設(shè)計(jì)、建造之初,必定組織大量能工巧匠進(jìn)行了精心的設(shè)計(jì)、測(cè)量等工作,原位替換更符合整體設(shè)計(jì),因而是最佳修繕?lè)桨浮?/p>
最后,從修繕原則、文物保護(hù)角度看,“修舊如故”,不追求節(jié)省工料,而應(yīng)盡可能地保持其原有歷史形態(tài)和特征,以尊重和保護(hù)其歷史價(jià)值和文化意義。上一題的.材料中,在修繕時(shí)將“原柱糟朽部分去掉后,剩余的部分做成巴掌形,與新柱搭接。新柱與被抽去的糟朽部分同材料、同形狀、同尺寸,且頂部亦做成巴掌榫形狀”,這樣能夠最大程度地保持文物原貌,
該題不要求學(xué)生作答面面俱到,只要回答出兩點(diǎn)即可。如果有其他的答案,言之成理亦可。
。ㄈ┪膶W(xué)類(lèi)文本同讀(本題共3小題,15分)
閱讀下面的文學(xué)。完成下面小題。
霜降夜
周蓬樺
白露過(guò)后,烏鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)里就已平添了寒意。早晨醒來(lái),陽(yáng)光刺眼,推開(kāi)柵門(mén),發(fā)現(xiàn)腳下的草葉上布滿(mǎn)晶瑩的霜,薄簿的一層,把路邊的花打蔫,樺樹(shù)的枝條似乎蕭條了些許,樹(shù)木上的一只只眼睛長(zhǎng)出了睫毛,無(wú)意間仰頭,但見(jiàn)幾粒寒星正在向山頂以南的方向悄悄隱逝。鎮(zhèn)上某一戶(hù)人家屋頂上的煙囪,已經(jīng)開(kāi)始忙活,突突地冒青煙,煙柱是筆直的,上升到一米多高后遇到了風(fēng),才變得凌亂,像一塊被抽斷的絲綢。
有人說(shuō),烏鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)里,流動(dòng)著一股特別的味道,也只有親臨現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人才會(huì)知道。這種特別的味道讓人難忘,在鼻間縈繞,以至于割舍不下,成了人們?cè)賮?lái)烏鄉(xiāng)的理由。
我提著滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)一大鐵桶草木灰,把它們傾倒在大路邊潮濕的水洼里——這是房東阿姨安排給我的任務(wù)。昨天晚上,我約了幾個(gè)養(yǎng)桑蠶與種植薰衣草的農(nóng)戶(hù),到院子里攀談,大家吃著草原黃膘烤牛肉,品嘗著新摘的巨峰葡萄,黑色的凍梨,喝著自釀的桑葚酒,交談內(nèi)容涉獵寬泛,沒(méi)有明確的主題。基本圍繞農(nóng)事收成,動(dòng)物保護(hù)和挖掘過(guò)冬的地窖打轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)然,我最感興趣的,是他們講述過(guò)往親身經(jīng)歷的事件。興許口吻輕描淡寫(xiě),但對(duì)我十分有用。一些亮點(diǎn)像陣雨打濕心頭,滲入靜夜植物的根須,我急忙拿出記事本,在馬燈的光線(xiàn)下一一做了記錄。牛圈在屋后,小牛犢不時(shí)制造一點(diǎn)騷動(dòng),從那里飄來(lái)絲絲淡淡的尿臊氣,但這并沒(méi)影響大家濃厚的談興。葉子稀疏的板栗樹(shù)梢上,始終挑著一彎殘?jiān)隆?/p>
聊到10點(diǎn)多鐘時(shí),霜降開(kāi)始了,夜幕陡然拉向縱深,只聽(tīng)得周?chē)奶J葦稈在瑟瑟作響,白樺樹(shù)枝在輕輕蠕動(dòng),我身上很快起了一層細(xì)小的雞皮疙瘩。這時(shí),善良的房東阿姨送來(lái)了羊毛毯和羊毛披肩,以抵抗霜降帶來(lái)的微妙變化。
“天要落露了,大伙兒小心著涼!彼f(shuō)。
阿姨端來(lái)一小筐被冰凍過(guò)的無(wú)花果,果子個(gè)頭大,已經(jīng)在冰柜里凍成了一個(gè)個(gè)小冰球,阿姨從廚房提來(lái)了鐵皮桶,點(diǎn)燃了軟草和木柴。很快就將凍漿果烤軟了,冰渣子化成了水,雜糅著果實(shí)的汁液。取一個(gè)放在嘴里,覺(jué)得凍過(guò)后的無(wú)花果有一股山柿餅的味道。少頃,桌上又?jǐn)[滿(mǎn)了甜點(diǎn)美食——大列巴面包、哈爾濱紅腸、咖啡、奶茶、干果仁,還有烤得香噴噴的草原紅糖焙子,吃得大家直打飽嗝。
這是一個(gè)特別的霜降夜,讓人感覺(jué)到生命與節(jié)氣之間發(fā)生了某種密切的聯(lián)系,有很強(qiáng)烈的體驗(yàn)感,從這個(gè)夜晚起始,我正式走進(jìn)烏鄉(xiāng)人的生活,自此與之呼吸同一種空氣,吃一鍋同樣的黑米烏飯,喝新碾的大碴子粥,我并不覺(jué)得我與烏鄉(xiāng)的人和動(dòng)物有什么不同。我們是對(duì)等的。他們?cè)谌兆悠D辛面前所持有的積極態(tài)度,和對(duì)幸福目標(biāo)的追尋姿態(tài),都讓我感同身受,噓唏或喜悅。如果可能,我愿意做烏鄉(xiāng)山野中的一株樹(shù)或一片霜凍的葉子。
我還記下了燃燒時(shí)呲呲作響的松油燈,燈下的笑臉,火光中明亮的瞳仁,以及整整一個(gè)晚上都在談?wù)摰慕拥貧獾脑?huà)題——如何與枯草叢中的野物們一道,度過(guò)暴風(fēng)雪即將來(lái)臨的嚴(yán)冬,需要糧食、木柴、胡蘿卜和大白菜,需要棉衣棉被,需要一個(gè)大火爐。喲,對(duì)我這樣長(zhǎng)年奔波的外鄉(xiāng)人來(lái)說(shuō),這是一個(gè)多么難忘的夜晚。
早晨的光線(xiàn)重疊移動(dòng),越升越高,把山脈的陰影投射到地面上。我手扶柵欄,將空空的鐵皮桶放回到了板栗樹(shù)下,卻見(jiàn)房東阿姨的小兒子背了行囊,走下臺(tái)階,似乎要離鄉(xiāng)遠(yuǎn)行。阿姨從灶間走出來(lái),腰間系著粗布白圍裙。她搓著手,一邊抬手拭淚,臉上難掩擔(dān)憂(yōu)和凄惶的表情。
她的小兒子目光淡定,飛快地走出院落,又回過(guò)頭來(lái)朝我們揮手笑笑,然后大步踩過(guò)路邊的草木灰,在陽(yáng)光下縮小成一個(gè)移動(dòng)的墨點(diǎn),在遠(yuǎn)山的背景下漸漸消失。返回屋內(nèi),我以樹(shù)墩做書(shū)案,在稿紙上飛快地記下一句話(huà):“霜降后,一些植物枯萎,一些事物到來(lái),一些人又把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上!
(有刪改)
7. 下列對(duì)文本相關(guān)內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 文章第一段寫(xiě)烏鄉(xiāng)的清晨,作者感受著風(fēng)與光,視線(xiàn)從腳下草、身邊樹(shù),推展至天際寒星,再收回到農(nóng)家炊煙,心情和筆觸都從容舒緩。
B. 霜降夜攀談中,作者感覺(jué)到“一些亮點(diǎn)像陣雨打濕心頭,滲入靜夜植物的根須”,既實(shí)寫(xiě)外在景致的變動(dòng),又虛寫(xiě)心中靈感的滋生。
C. 霜降夜的柴草烤軟了凍果,次晨草木灰被傾倒在路邊水洼,一個(gè)年輕人踩過(guò)草木灰離家遠(yuǎn)行,這些點(diǎn)滴細(xì)節(jié)都帶有烏鄉(xiāng)生活的溫度。
D. 本文不僅記錄了作者本人在烏鄉(xiāng)小住的感受,還提及不少與當(dāng)?shù)厣钕⑾⑾嚓P(guān)的話(huà)題,如農(nóng)事收成、動(dòng)物保護(hù)等,側(cè)面反映了鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展。
8. 如何理解文章最后作者記下的那句話(huà)?
9. 烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜,作者“感覺(jué)到生命與節(jié)氣之間發(fā)生了某種密切的聯(lián)系,有很強(qiáng)烈的體驗(yàn)感”,文章是從哪些方面來(lái)抒寫(xiě)這種體驗(yàn)感的?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】7. D 8. ①面對(duì)生活的困境,有人經(jīng)不起打擊而敗退,有人則迎難而上,開(kāi)始了新生;②雖然前行艱難,但也要憑借堅(jiān)韌和勇氣勇敢踏上征程,尋找屬于自己的新生活;③此句表達(dá)了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的所見(jiàn)所感,表達(dá)了對(duì)生命堅(jiān)韌精神的深刻理解,對(duì)烏鄉(xiāng)人的贊美。
9. ①自然景象的描寫(xiě)中滲透著獨(dú)特的生命感受:文章開(kāi)頭描寫(xiě)了烏鄉(xiāng)清晨的霜景,草葉上的霜、蕭條的樺樹(shù)、寒星的隱逝、農(nóng)家炊煙等細(xì)節(jié),寫(xiě)出了霜降節(jié)氣中自然的變化;通過(guò)寫(xiě)作者感受到風(fēng)中對(duì)的含義,聞得到風(fēng)中獨(dú)特的味道,寫(xiě)出了生命的獨(dú)特感受。②人與自然的互動(dòng):作者與農(nóng)戶(hù)們?cè)谠鹤永锱收劇⑵穱L當(dāng)?shù)厥澄,展示了人與自然的密切聯(lián)系;作者還寫(xiě)了霜降夜的景物變化與感受到的寒意,寫(xiě)了房東阿姨送毯子,談?wù)撨^(guò)冬的準(zhǔn)備等細(xì)節(jié),展現(xiàn)了烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)節(jié)氣的重視以及應(yīng)對(duì)節(jié)氣的方法,寫(xiě)出人與節(jié)氣之間密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。③情感的共鳴:作者在霜降夜中感受到烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)生活的積極態(tài)度和對(duì)幸福的追求,產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的情感共鳴。特別是最后看到房東阿姨的小兒子離鄉(xiāng)遠(yuǎn)行,作者感受到生命的流動(dòng)和時(shí)間的變遷,進(jìn)一步深化了對(duì)生命與節(jié)氣之間聯(lián)系的體驗(yàn)。
【解析】
【7題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文本藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞能力。
D.“側(cè)面反映了鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展”錯(cuò),文章主要記錄了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)的感受和體驗(yàn),雖然提及了一些與當(dāng)?shù)厣钕嚓P(guān)的話(huà)題,但并沒(méi)有反映鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展,主要是表現(xiàn)烏鄉(xiāng)特有的自然風(fēng)光、生活習(xí)俗和人情特點(diǎn)。
故選D。
【8題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解重要句子含義的能力。
這句話(huà)是作者在烏鄉(xiāng)小住之后的人生感悟。
“霜降”代表著生活中的困境;“植物枯萎”象征著生命的衰退和結(jié)束,象征著那些經(jīng)不起打擊而被擊敗的人和事物;“一些事物到來(lái)”則象征著新的開(kāi)始和希望,代表著經(jīng)受住打擊的人或事物迎來(lái)新生,開(kāi)始新生活;
“一些人又把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上”,“泥濘”代表前路坎坷不易,而“把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上”象征著前行的艱辛和不易,但也體現(xiàn)了人們?cè)诶Ь持星靶械膱?jiān)韌和勇氣,正如房東阿姨的小兒子,毅然背起行囊離家遠(yuǎn)行,去追尋屬于自己的生活。
此句表達(dá)了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的所見(jiàn)所感,表達(dá)了對(duì)生命堅(jiān)韌精神的深刻理解,對(duì)烏鄉(xiāng)人的贊美。
【9題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容,多角度探究作品意蘊(yùn)的能力。
自然景象的描寫(xiě)中滲透著獨(dú)特的生命感受:文章描寫(xiě)了烏鄉(xiāng)清晨的霜景,草葉上的霜、被霜打蔫的花、枝條蕭條的樺樹(shù)、悄悄隱逝的寒星、農(nóng)家屋頂?shù)拇稛煟@些自然景觀(guān)都帶有霜降節(jié)氣的特色;貫穿其中的還有作者的細(xì)膩感受,如烏鄉(xiāng)白露過(guò)后感受到的寒意,“白露過(guò)后,烏鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)里就已平添了寒意”;還有烏鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)中特別的味道,“這種特別的味道讓人難忘,在鼻間縈繞,以至于割舍不下,成了人們?cè)賮?lái)烏鄉(xiāng)的理由”。
人與自然的互動(dòng):作者描寫(xiě)了霜降夜與農(nóng)戶(hù)們?cè)谠鹤永锱收劇⑵穱L當(dāng)?shù)厥澄,“大家吃著草原黃膘烤牛肉,品嘗著新摘的巨峰葡萄,黑色的凍梨,喝著自釀的桑葚酒”“阿姨端來(lái)一小筐被冰凍過(guò)的無(wú)花果,果子個(gè)頭大,已經(jīng)在冰柜里凍成了一個(gè)個(gè)小冰球”,這些都是秋天特有的食物,體現(xiàn)了人與自然的密切關(guān)聯(lián);此外,作者還寫(xiě)了霜降夜的景物變化與感受到的寒意,“霜降開(kāi)始了,夜幕陡然拉向縱深,只聽(tīng)得周?chē)奶J葦稈在瑟瑟作響,白樺樹(shù)枝在輕輕蠕動(dòng),我身上很快起了一層細(xì)小的雞皮疙瘩”,寫(xiě)了房東阿姨送毯子,“善良的房東阿姨送來(lái)了羊毛毯和羊毛披肩,以抵抗霜降帶來(lái)的微妙變化”;還寫(xiě)了談?wù)撨^(guò)冬的準(zhǔn)備等細(xì)節(jié),“如何與枯草叢中的野物們一道,度過(guò)暴風(fēng)雪即將來(lái)臨的嚴(yán)冬,需要糧食、木柴、胡蘿卜和大白菜,需要棉衣棉被,需要一個(gè)大火爐”,展現(xiàn)了烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)節(jié)氣的重視以及應(yīng)對(duì)節(jié)氣的方法,寫(xiě)出人與節(jié)氣之間密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。
情感的共鳴:作者在霜降夜中感受到烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)生活的積極態(tài)度和對(duì)幸福的追求,產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的情感共鳴,“他們?cè)谌兆悠D辛面前所持有的積極態(tài)度,和對(duì)幸福目標(biāo)的追尋姿態(tài),都讓我感同身受,噓唏或喜悅”。特別是最后看到房東阿姨的小兒子離鄉(xiāng)遠(yuǎn)行,“她的小兒子目光淡定,飛快地走出院落,又回過(guò)頭來(lái)朝我們揮手笑笑,然后大步踩過(guò)路邊的草木灰,在陽(yáng)光下縮小成一個(gè)移動(dòng)的墨點(diǎn),在遠(yuǎn)山的背景下漸漸消失”,作者感受到生命的流動(dòng)和時(shí)間的變遷,進(jìn)一步深化了對(duì)生命與節(jié)氣之間聯(lián)系的體驗(yàn)。
通過(guò)這些方面的描寫(xiě),文章生動(dòng)地抒寫(xiě)了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的深刻體驗(yàn)感,展現(xiàn)了人與自然、生命與節(jié)氣之間的密切聯(lián)系。
二、古代詩(shī)文閱讀(34分)
(一)文言文閱讀(本題共4小題,19分)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下面小題。
人才莫盛于三國(guó),亦惟三國(guó)之主各能用人,故得眾力相扶,以成鼎足之勢(shì)。而其用人亦各有不同者,大概曹操以權(quán)術(shù)相馭,劉備以性情相契,孫氏兄弟以意氣相投。
劉備為呂布所襲奔于操程昱以備有雄才勸操圖之。操曰:“今收攬英雄時(shí),殺一人而失天下之心,不可也。”然此猶非與操有怨者。臧霸先從陶謙,后助呂布,布為操所擒,霸藏匿,操募得之,即以霸為瑯邪相。先是操在兗州,以徐翕、毛暉為將,兗州亂,翕、暉皆叛,后操定兗州,翕、暉投霸。至是,操使霸出二人,霸曰:“霸所以能自立者,以不為此也!辈?lài)@其賢。蓋操當(dāng)初起時(shí),方欲藉眾力以成事,故以此奔走天下。及其削平群雄,勢(shì)位已定,則孔融、許攸等,皆以嫌忌殺之。荀彧素為操謀主,亦以其阻九錫而脅之死。然后知其雄猜之性久而自露,而從前之度外用人,特出于矯偽,以濟(jì)一時(shí)之用,所謂以權(quán)術(shù)相馭也。
至劉備,一起事即為人心所向。觀(guān)其三顧諸葛,咨以大計(jì),獨(dú)有傅巖爰立之風(fēng)。關(guān)、張、趙云,自少結(jié)契,終身奉以周旋,即羈旅奔逃,無(wú)寸土可以立業(yè),而數(shù)人者患難相隨,別無(wú)貳志。此固數(shù)人者之忠義,而備亦必有深結(jié)其隱微而不可解者矣。至托孤于亮,曰:“嗣子可輔,輔之;不可輔,則君自取之!鼻лd下猶見(jiàn)其肝膈本懷,豈非真性情之流露?亮第一流人,二國(guó)俱不能得,備獨(dú)能得之,亦可見(jiàn)以誠(chéng)待人之效矣。
至孫氏兄弟之用人,亦自有不可及者。孫策生擒太史慈,即解其縛曰:“子義青州名士,但所托非人耳。孤是卿知己,勿憂(yōu)不如意也!贝瞬咧檬恳。陸遜鎮(zhèn)西陵,權(quán)刻印置遜所,每與劉禪、諸葛亮?xí),常過(guò)示遜,有不安者,便令改定,以印封行之。委任如此,臣下有不感知遇而竭心力者乎?陸遜晚年為楊竺等所譖,憤郁而死。權(quán)后見(jiàn)其子抗,泣曰:“吾前聽(tīng)讒言,與汝父大義不篤,以此負(fù)汝!币匀酥鞫曰谄溥^(guò),開(kāi)誠(chéng)告語(yǔ)如此,其誰(shuí)不感泣?此孫氏兄弟之用人,所謂以意氣相感也。
。ü(jié)選自趙翼《廿二史札記》卷七)
10. 文中畫(huà)波浪線(xiàn)的部分有三處需要斷句,請(qǐng)用鉛筆將答題卡上相應(yīng)位置的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
劉備為呂布A所襲B奔C于操D程昱E以備F有雄才G勸操H圖之。
11. 下列對(duì)文中加點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說(shuō),不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 藉,憑借、借助,與《陳涉世家》中“藉第令毋斬”的“藉”意思相同。
B. 即,即使,與《桃花源記》中“太守即遣人隨其往”的“即”意思不同。
C. 固,固然,與《赤壁賦》中“固一世之雄也,而今安在哉”的“固”意思相同。
D. 但,只是,與《記承天寺夜游》中“但少閑人如吾兩人者耳”的“但”意思相同。
12. 下列對(duì)原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 臧霸曾為呂布效力,曹操擒捉呂布以后,臧霸為避禍藏匿起來(lái);后來(lái)他又被曹操捕獲,曹操不計(jì)前嫌,對(duì)他委以重任,任命他為瑯邪相。
B. 曹操初起時(shí)為圖霸業(yè),能籠絡(luò)人才,甚至能任用曾與己有怨者;勢(shì)位已定時(shí)則猜忌異己,濫殺無(wú)辜。這正是其用人“以權(quán)術(shù)相馭”的表現(xiàn)。
C. 劉備以性情結(jié)交忠義之士,以誠(chéng)待人,故能深得人心;劉備創(chuàng)業(yè)過(guò)程中多次遭遇挫折,但諸葛亮及關(guān)、張、趙云等人患難相隨,忠貞不渝。
D. 陸遜鎮(zhèn)守西陵時(shí),深得孫權(quán)信任,孫權(quán)給劉禪、諸葛亮寫(xiě)信,常常給陸遜看,有不妥之處就讓他改定;到了晚年,陸遜遭到讒害,郁郁而終。
13. 把文中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。
。1)操使霸出二人,霸曰:“霸所以能自立者,以不為此也!
。2)吾前聽(tīng)讒言,與汝父大義不篤,以此負(fù)汝。
【答案】10. BDG 11. A 12. A
13. (1)曹操讓臧霸交出那兩個(gè)人,臧霸說(shuō):“我之所以能夠自立的原因,是因?yàn)椴蛔鲞@樣的事情!
。2)我以前聽(tīng)信讒言,與令尊的關(guān)系不夠深厚,因此辜負(fù)了你。
【解析】
【10題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生文言文斷句的能力。
句意:劉備被呂布襲擊后,投奔曹操,程昱認(rèn)為劉備有雄才,勸曹操圖謀除掉他。
“為……所”表被動(dòng),“襲”是動(dòng)詞,“劉備為呂布所襲”是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句,所以從“襲”后B處斷開(kāi);
“奔于操”承接前邊主語(yǔ)“劉備”,“奔”是謂語(yǔ),“操”是賓語(yǔ),結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以從“于操”后D處斷開(kāi);
“以”是“程昱”的謂語(yǔ),“備有雄才”是賓語(yǔ),“程昱以備有雄才”句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以從“有雄才”后G處斷開(kāi)。
故選BDG。
【11題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文言詞語(yǔ)中的一詞多義現(xiàn)象的理解能力。
A.錯(cuò)誤。兩個(gè)“藉”意思不同。“藉”,憑借、借助;/即使。句意:正是想借助眾人的力量成就大業(yè)。/即使僅能免于斬刑。
B.正確。即,即使;/立即。句意:即使在顛沛流離、無(wú)立足之地時(shí)。/太守立即派遣人員跟隨他前往。
C.正確。句意:這固然是幾人的忠義。/(曹孟德)固然是當(dāng)世的一位英雄人物,然而現(xiàn)在又在哪里呢?
D.正確。句意:只是所托非人罷了。/只是缺少像我們兩個(gè)這樣清閑的人罷了。
故選A。
【12題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容的能力。
A.“后來(lái)他又被曹操捕獲”理解錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“霸藏匿,操募得之,即以霸為瑯邪相”可知,臧霸并不是被曹操捕獲,而是曹操通過(guò)招募的方式找到臧霸,并任命他為瑯邪相。
故選A。
【13題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解并翻譯文言文句子的能力。
。1)“出”,交出;“所以”,……的原因;“以”,因?yàn);“……也”,表判斷?/p>
(2)“前”,以前;“篤”,深厚;“負(fù)”,辜負(fù)。
參考譯文:
三國(guó)時(shí)期的人才可謂是最為鼎盛的,這也得益于三國(guó)的君主各自善于用人,因此能夠匯聚眾人的力量,形成三足鼎立的局面。然而,他們用人的方式各有不同。大致來(lái)說(shuō),曹操是以權(quán)術(shù)駕馭人,劉備是以性情結(jié)交人,孫氏兄弟則是以意氣感召人。
劉備被呂布襲擊后,投奔曹操,程昱認(rèn)為劉備有雄才,勸曹操圖謀除掉他。曹操說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在是收攬英雄的時(shí)候,殺一個(gè)人會(huì)失去天下人的心,這是不可以的!比欢@還不是與曹操有怨的人。臧霸先是跟隨陶謙,后來(lái)幫助呂布,呂布被曹操擒獲后,臧霸藏匿起來(lái)。曹操通過(guò)招募的方式找到臧霸,立即任命他為瑯邪相。早先,曹操在兗州時(shí),任用徐翕、毛暉為將,兗州發(fā)生動(dòng)亂,徐翕、毛暉都叛變了。后來(lái)曹操平定兗州,徐翕、毛暉投奔臧霸。到這時(shí),曹操讓臧霸交出那兩個(gè)人,臧霸說(shuō):“我之所以能夠自立的原因,是因?yàn)椴蛔鲞@樣的事情。”曹操?lài)@息他的賢能。曹操當(dāng)初起事時(shí),正是想借助眾人的力量成就大業(yè),所以以此奔走天下。等到他削平群雄,勢(shì)位已定時(shí),孔融、許攸等人都因嫌忌被殺。荀彧一直是曹操的謀主,也因?yàn)樽柚共懿俳邮芫佩a而被逼死。由此可見(jiàn),曹操的雄猜之性久而自露,而從前的寬容用人,只是出于權(quán)宜之計(jì),以應(yīng)一時(shí)之需,這就是所謂的以權(quán)術(shù)駕馭人。
至于劉備,一起事就為人心所向?此櫭⿵]請(qǐng)諸葛亮出山,咨詢(xún)大計(jì),獨(dú)有傅巖立賢的風(fēng)范。關(guān)羽、張飛、趙云,自年輕時(shí)結(jié)交,終身相隨,即使在顛沛流離、無(wú)立足之地時(shí),這幾人也患難與共,毫無(wú)二心。這固然是幾人的忠義,但劉備也必定有深厚的情感紐帶令人不能解開(kāi)。到托孤于諸葛亮?xí)r,劉備說(shuō):“嗣子可輔,輔之;不可輔,則君自取之!鼻лd之下仍能見(jiàn)其肝膽相照,豈不是性情的流露?諸葛亮是第一流的人才,其他兩國(guó)都不能得到,唯獨(dú)劉備能得到他,這也可見(jiàn)以誠(chéng)待人的效果。
至于孫氏兄弟用人,也各自有別人比不了之處。孫策生擒太史慈后,立即解開(kāi)他的綁縛,說(shuō):“子義是青州名士,只是所托非人罷了。我是你的知己,不用擔(dān)心不如意!边@是孫策得士的表現(xiàn)。陸遜鎮(zhèn)守西陵,孫權(quán)把印章放在陸遜那里,每次與劉禪、諸葛亮通信,常常給陸遜看,有不妥之處就讓他改定,然后蓋上印章發(fā)出。委任如此,臣下有不感知遇而竭心盡力的嗎?陸遜晚年被楊竺等人讒害,憤郁而死。孫權(quán)后來(lái)見(jiàn)到陸遜的兒子陸抗,哭著說(shuō):“我以前聽(tīng)信讒言,與令尊的關(guān)系不夠深厚,因此辜負(fù)了你。”作為君主能自悔其過(guò),像這樣開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公地告知,誰(shuí)能不感動(dòng)流淚呢?這就是孫氏兄弟用人,這就是所說(shuō)的以意氣感人的表現(xiàn)。
。ǘ┕糯(shī)歌閱讀(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面詩(shī)歌,回答后面問(wèn)題。
次韻錢(qián)遜叔泛舟虹橋①
宋·呂本中
半篙春漲綠平溪,二月江城草色齊。
舟比蜉蝣千頃外,□同斥鷃一枝棲②。
野橋柳線(xiàn)斜風(fēng)軟,曲檻花光夕照低。
卻訝探驪人不至③,清樽畫(huà)航倩分題④。
[注]①次韻:依次用所和詩(shī)中的韻作詩(shī)。②本句首字原缺。③探驪:這里指精通寫(xiě)詩(shī)作文。④分題:詩(shī)人聚會(huì),分題目而賦詩(shī)。
14. 下列對(duì)這首詩(shī)的理解和賞析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 詩(shī)歌開(kāi)篇寫(xiě)春水、草色,圍繞色彩落筆,營(yíng)造出一種愉悅的情感氛圍。
B. 春水新漲,水面遼闊寬廣,在波間漂浮的船只顯得如同蜉蝣一樣細(xì)小。
C. 斥鷃見(jiàn)于《莊子·逍遙游》,用來(lái)與鵬做對(duì)比,因此詩(shī)中缺字應(yīng)是“鵬”。
D. 詩(shī)歌的尾聯(lián)寫(xiě)到了“分題”,以此收束,與題目中的“次韻”形成照應(yīng)。
15. 請(qǐng)賞析頸聯(lián)“野橋柳線(xiàn)斜風(fēng)軟,曲檻花光夕照低”中“軟”“低”二字藝術(shù)效果。
【答案】14. C 15. “軟”字形容斜風(fēng)的溫柔輕柔,營(yíng)造出寧?kù)o和諧的氛圍;“低”字描繪夕照的柔和低垂,增強(qiáng)了畫(huà)面的層次感和詩(shī)意,使景象更生動(dòng)。
【解析】
【14題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)詩(shī)歌解讀中存在問(wèn)題進(jìn)行邏輯判斷及對(duì)課文內(nèi)容的理解和分析的能力。
C.“……對(duì)比,因此詩(shī)中缺字應(yīng)是‘鵬’”錯(cuò)誤,前后不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。缺字一句可以有兩種解釋?zhuān)阂皇侨弊直硎镜氖挛锱c斥鷃一起棲息在樹(shù)枝上;二是該事物像斥鷃一樣棲息在樹(shù)枝上。參照上句中的“比”字,后一種理解符合原意的可能性較大。但無(wú)論是哪一種理解,缺字都不可能是“鵬”字。鵬與斥鷃是《逍遙游》用來(lái)論述“小大之辨”的兩個(gè)例證,斥鷃是一種小鳥(niǎo),是可以棲息在樹(shù)枝之上的;而鵬則龐大得不可思議,它“背若泰山,翼若垂天之云”,無(wú)法想象它可以在樹(shù)枝上棲息。當(dāng)然,“一枝”也可能是一個(gè)比喻,用來(lái)表示狹窄的空間,那也同樣不是鵬所能棲息的。
故選C。
【15題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生鑒賞煉字藝術(shù)效果的能力。
用字精當(dāng)以追求表現(xiàn)力的最大化,是歷代文人在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中極為重視的問(wèn)題,詩(shī)歌中尤其如此。本題要求賞析“軟”“低”二字的藝術(shù)效果,需要學(xué)生借助聯(lián)想和想象品味語(yǔ)言,并把自己的體驗(yàn)和感受用文字表達(dá)出來(lái)。
“軟”字用來(lái)形容斜風(fēng),傳達(dá)出春風(fēng)的溫柔和輕柔。斜風(fēng)拂過(guò)野橋上的柳條,柳條隨風(fēng)輕輕搖曳,給人一種柔和、舒適的感覺(jué)。這個(gè)字不僅描繪了春風(fēng)的特質(zhì),還營(yíng)造出一種寧?kù)o、和諧的氛圍,使讀者仿佛置身于春日的美景中,感受到春風(fēng)的溫暖和柔情。
“低”字用來(lái)形容夕照,描繪了夕陽(yáng)西下時(shí)光線(xiàn)逐漸變低的景象。夕陽(yáng)的余暉灑在曲折的欄桿和花朵上,光線(xiàn)柔和而低垂,給人一種溫馨、寧?kù)o的感覺(jué)。這個(gè)字不僅描繪了夕陽(yáng)的特質(zhì),還增強(qiáng)了畫(huà)面的層次感和立體感,使整個(gè)景象顯得更加生動(dòng)和富有詩(shī)意。
通過(guò)“軟”和“低”兩個(gè)字,詩(shī)人成功地描繪了春日黃昏時(shí)分的美麗景象,傳達(dá)出一種寧?kù)o、溫柔的氛圍。這兩個(gè)字不僅準(zhǔn)確地刻畫(huà)了自然景物的特征,還增強(qiáng)了詩(shī)歌的畫(huà)面感和感染力,使讀者能夠身臨其境地感受到春日的美好與寧?kù)o。
。ㄈ┟淠瑢(xiě)(本題共1小題,6分)
16. 補(bǔ)寫(xiě)出下列句子中的空缺部分。
。1)王灣《次北固山下》的名句“____________,____________”,描寫(xiě)時(shí)序交替中的景物,暗示著時(shí)光流逝,蘊(yùn)含著自然理趣。
(2)小慧為朋友家的農(nóng)家樂(lè)餐廳寫(xiě)宣傳橫幅,直接使用了陸游《游山西村》里的“____________,____________”兩句詩(shī),朋友看了覺(jué)得很貼切。
。3)行至群山深處,見(jiàn)到一掛瀑布飛瀉而下,水石激蕩,轟鳴作響。于老師回頭對(duì)學(xué)生們說(shuō):“這不就是古詩(shī)中寫(xiě)的‘____________,____________’嘛!”
【答案】 ①. 海日生殘夜 ②. 江春入舊年 ③. 山重水復(fù)疑無(wú)路 ④. 柳暗花明又一村 ⑤. 飛流直下三千尺 ⑥. 疑是銀河落九天(飛湍瀑流爭(zhēng)喧豗,砯崖轉(zhuǎn)石萬(wàn)壑雷)
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生默寫(xiě)常見(jiàn)的名篇名句的能力。
易錯(cuò)字詞有:生、暗、喧豗,砯崖、壑。
三、語(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用(20分)
。ㄒ唬┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用Ⅰ(本題共4小題,14分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
天山可謂家喻戶(hù)曉,但真正了解它的人恐怕不多。怎樣算是真正了解天山呢?不妨做個(gè)測(cè)試。你閉上眼睛,念出“天山”這個(gè)名字,試試看,能不能想象出一幅天山的全景圖來(lái)?在這幅全景圖里,山脈或平行或交錯(cuò),許多巨大的、汽車(chē)要開(kāi)上很久很久的盆地坐落其間。兩座威嚴(yán)的雪峰——托木爾峰和汗騰格里峰巍然聳立,俯視著周邊十多座海拔6000米以上的山峰。帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入的暖濕氣流造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地和水草豐美的牧場(chǎng)。博斯騰湖碧水連天,賽里木湖晶瑩澄澈,艾比湖“鹽”裝素裹,天池靜臥在蒼翠環(huán)繞之中……①如果在你的腦海中,②能包羅萬(wàn)象地浮現(xiàn)出這樣一幅全景圖,③圖上呈現(xiàn)了天山的任何山脈、盆地、雪峰,④還有河流、和湖泊,⑤你就算真正了解天山了。
17. 下列句子中的“要”與文中加點(diǎn)的“要”,意義相同的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 描繪“寒風(fēng)掃高木”的景況,用“木”字要比用“樹(shù)”字更合適。
B. 蓮花池邊有個(gè)小酒店,我們走進(jìn)去,打了半斤酒,還要了些菜。
C. 臺(tái)兒溝沒(méi)有學(xué)校,香雪每天上學(xué)要到十五里以外的公社去。
D. 等棗樹(shù)的葉子落盡,樹(shù)上的棗子紅完,西北風(fēng)就要起來(lái)了。
18. 請(qǐng)將文中畫(huà)橫線(xiàn)的部分改成幾個(gè)較短的語(yǔ)句?梢愿淖冋Z(yǔ)序、少量增刪詞語(yǔ),但不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
19. 下列句子中畫(huà)波浪線(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)與文中畫(huà)波浪線(xiàn)的“蒼翠”,所用的修辭手法相同的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 煙花向上空沖去,下落時(shí)便灑散著滿(mǎn)天花雨。
B. 魯迅先生穿著樸素的長(zhǎng)衫,從容地坐在西裝領(lǐng)帶們旁邊。
C. 夏天的雨是熱情洋溢的,喜歡不打招呼就前來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)。
D. 微風(fēng)過(guò)處,送來(lái)縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的。
20. 文中標(biāo)序號(hào)的部分有兩處表述不當(dāng),請(qǐng)指出其序號(hào)并做修改,使語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確流暢,邏輯嚴(yán)密。不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
【答案】17. C 18. 示例(1):暖濕氣流帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入,它造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地,以及水草豐美的牧場(chǎng)。
示例(2):帶著充沛水汽的暖濕氣流在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入,它造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地和水草豐美的牧場(chǎng)。
19. B 20. 序號(hào)②修改為:能浮現(xiàn)出這樣一幅包羅萬(wàn)象的全景圖;
序號(hào)③修改為:圖上呈現(xiàn)了天山的所有山脈、雪峰、盆地;
序號(hào)④修改為: 還有河流、湖泊(還有河流和湖泊) 。
【解析】
【17題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境義的能力。
文中“要”意思是需要。
A.表示估計(jì),用于比較。
B.討。表示希望將某種事物歸自己所有 。
C.需要。
D.即將來(lái)臨。
故選C。
【18題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生變換句式的能力。
所謂長(zhǎng)句一般是修飾限制成分多,或者主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)部分比較復(fù)雜。畫(huà)線(xiàn)句屬于修飾成分多,賓語(yǔ)復(fù)雜。
首先確定句子主干,“暖濕氣流造就了田地和牧場(chǎng)”,讓主干單獨(dú)成句;
然后把復(fù)雜部分按照語(yǔ)法規(guī)則加以拆分,比如定語(yǔ)拿出來(lái)單獨(dú)成句,“帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入”,作為句子時(shí)需要添加主語(yǔ)“暖濕氣流”;
然后強(qiáng)調(diào)一下兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),比如“田地里一片片麥浪滾滾”“牧場(chǎng)上水草豐美”;
最后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系組合成包含幾個(gè)短句的復(fù)句,除了參考答案,還可以表述為:帶著充沛水汽的暖濕氣流在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入,它造就了田地和牧場(chǎng),田地里一片片麥浪滾滾,牧場(chǎng)上水草豐美。
【19題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析修辭手法的能力。
文中“蒼翠”屬于借代修辭,顏色代樹(shù)木。
A.比喻修辭,把漫天灑散的煙花比喻成“雨”;
B.借代修辭,用西裝領(lǐng)帶借指人們;
C.擬人修辭,賦予自然現(xiàn)象“雨”以人的特點(diǎn)“熱情洋溢”“喜歡”“打招呼”“拜訪(fǎng)”;
D.通感手法,溝通了視聽(tīng)兩種感官,把鼻子嗅到的“清香”比喻成耳朵聽(tīng)到的“歌聲”。
故選B。
【20題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析并修改病句的能力。
序號(hào)②語(yǔ)序不當(dāng),“浮現(xiàn)”是客觀(guān)詞語(yǔ),不能用“包羅萬(wàn)象”修飾,應(yīng)該放在“全景”前。
序號(hào)③用詞不當(dāng),把“任何”刪掉或改為“所有”;語(yǔ)序不當(dāng),并列詞語(yǔ)間應(yīng)該有視覺(jué)順序,比如由高到低,“盆地” 放在后面,與低處的“河流”“湖泊”能更好地銜接。
序號(hào)④成分贅余,有了頓號(hào)沒(méi)必要加“和” ,刪掉頓號(hào)或“和” 。
。ǘ┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用Ⅱ(本題共1小題,6分)
21. 下面的文字是一位老奶奶在醫(yī)院看病時(shí)的自述,不夠簡(jiǎn)明扼要,不利于和醫(yī)生高效溝通。請(qǐng)對(duì)這段自述進(jìn)行縮寫(xiě)。要求:保留必要信息,不超過(guò)80個(gè)字。
大夫好!今天看病的人太多了,我排了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間隊(duì)才看上。我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號(hào)了,這么多年我的高血壓和糖尿病一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的,好多年前有一次扭傷了腳踝,也是在你們這兒看好的,您可得給我好好看看。是這么回事兒。昨天晚上我老閨女來(lái)家里,我們一起吃的晚飯。吃過(guò)飯看著電視,我就開(kāi)始頭疼,先是頭頂一圈疼,一跳一跳的,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼。我試了很多辦法,一會(huì)兒躺著,一會(huì)兒坐著,大口喘氣,戴上帽子捂著,都沒(méi)有用。閨女要帶我來(lái)醫(yī)院,我說(shuō)天太冷了,明天可能就好了,明天再說(shuō)吧,然后就睡覺(jué)了。今天早上醒了還疼,頭也不敢動(dòng),一晃就更疼了,就趕緊來(lái)醫(yī)院了。
【答案】大夫好!我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號(hào),一直在這兒看高血壓和糖尿病。昨天晚上吃完飯后開(kāi)始頭疼,先是頭頂一圈疼,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼。今天早上醒來(lái)仍然頭疼,頭一動(dòng)就更疼,所以趕緊來(lái)醫(yī)院了。
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生提煉概括核心信息、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確簡(jiǎn)明的能力。
首先刪除冗余:
排隊(duì)時(shí)間、與醫(yī)生的寒暄、扭傷腳踝的舊事、與女兒的互動(dòng)、嘗試的無(wú)效緩解方法等信息可以壓縮掉,比如“今天看病的人太多了,我排了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間隊(duì)才看上”“好多年前有一次扭傷了腳踝,也是在你們這兒看好的,您可得給我好好看看”“我試了很多辦法,一會(huì)兒躺著,一會(huì)兒坐著,大口喘氣,戴上帽子捂著,都沒(méi)有用。閨女要帶我來(lái)醫(yī)院,我說(shuō)天太冷了,明天可能就好了,明天再說(shuō)吧,然后就睡覺(jué)了”,冗長(zhǎng)啰嗦,屬于多余信息,忽略不計(jì)。
然后提煉出有效信息:
。1)由“我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號(hào)了,這么多年……一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的”提煉出患者身份:老病號(hào),長(zhǎng)期在該醫(yī)院看病。
(2)由“這么多年我的高血壓和糖尿病一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的”提煉出病史信息:高血壓和糖尿病。
(3)由“昨天晚上我老閨女來(lái)家里,我們一起吃的晚飯。吃過(guò)飯看著電視,我就開(kāi)始頭疼”提煉出病痛時(shí)間:昨晚開(kāi)始。
。4)由“先是頭頂一圈疼,一跳一跳的,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼”“今天早上醒了還疼,頭也不敢動(dòng),一晃就更疼了”提煉出癥狀:頭頂一圈疼,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼。今天早上醒來(lái)仍然頭疼,頭一動(dòng)就更疼;就診原因:頭疼持續(xù)未見(jiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)。
最后組織語(yǔ)言:
將關(guān)鍵信息按時(shí)間順序和邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行組織,使表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔明了,條理清晰。
四、作文(60分)
22. 閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)要求寫(xiě)作。
每個(gè)人都要學(xué)習(xí)與他人相處。有時(shí),我們?yōu)楸苊鉀_突而不愿表達(dá)自己的想法。其實(shí),坦誠(chéng)交流才有可能迎來(lái)真正的相遇。
這引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想和思考?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇文章。
要求:選準(zhǔn)角度,確定立意,明確文體,自擬標(biāo)題;不要套作,不得抄襲;不得泄露個(gè)人信息;不少于800字。
【答案】例文
心跡不掩,英雄本色
現(xiàn)代社會(huì),人際錯(cuò)綜,在群體相處的復(fù)雜過(guò)程中,人們往往為了提高“隱蔽性”、增加安全感而掩藏心跡、力求“大同”,生怕被人看穿自己的“底牌”,拿住自己的“軟肋”。其實(shí),一味遮掩閃躲、矯飾趨眾并不是緩和矛盾、尋求認(rèn)同的妙方,唯有率真坦蕩、直露心跡,方能彰顯個(gè)性魅力,吸引同頻摯友,贏(yíng)得社會(huì)尊重。
不掩心跡,敢于直陳與眾各異的觀(guān)點(diǎn)、表達(dá)獨(dú)特?zé)o二的看法,既不畏懼因成為大眾眼中的“少數(shù)人”而被視為異類(lèi),也不擔(dān)憂(yōu)因無(wú)法追隨主流的腳步而倍覺(jué)孤獨(dú),即使為時(shí)人所訕笑、不解、嘲諷譏刺甚至排斥孤立,仍始終保持獨(dú)立思考的態(tài)度,呵護(hù)不易動(dòng)搖的本心,以敢當(dāng)千夫所指、無(wú)懼踽踽獨(dú)行的執(zhí)著剛毅行走于朗朗世間,以不肯隨波逐流、拒絕人云亦云的明亮坦蕩彰顯著大勇大慧。
不掩心跡,樂(lè)于袒露不加偽飾的性情、展示多有瑕疵的真我,既不遮掩粉飾并不完美的“黑暗層”、真?zhèn)性,也不追求浮夸矯造的假“人設(shè)”、高“友商”,即使知音寥寥,同行無(wú)幾,仍始終保存雖有缺陷卻不失特色的真面目,懷抱雖感落寞而不改本我的真風(fēng)骨,以不因寂寥而盲目迎合、不因從眾而勉強(qiáng)改變的實(shí)言實(shí)行對(duì)抗一眾“假面”,以心口如一的磊落灑脫、率直天真的霽月光風(fēng)對(duì)抗著諸如“守口如瓶,防意如城”之類(lèi)的人情“箴言”。
不掩心跡之杰出人物,古今皆眾。前有“必不堪者七”和“甚不可者二”的嵇康直拒司馬政權(quán)邀請(qǐng),“行不為飾,動(dòng)求真適”的孟浩然直陳胸中“不才明主棄”的郁結(jié)之氣,聲震朝野的“拗相公”王安石直言對(duì)京官高職的排斥反感;后有“不要遷就什么,也不要盲目地去追什么潮流”的優(yōu)客工場(chǎng)創(chuàng)始人毛大慶直評(píng)創(chuàng)業(yè)心路,“能爬珠穆朗瑪干嗎還要爬那些小山”的中科院院士顏寧直揚(yáng)凌云之志……心跡所顯,本色所向,英雄之氣,難掩行藏。
誠(chéng)然,尋求群體接納,渴望社會(huì)認(rèn)同本是人之常情,隱藏真實(shí)想法、力求避免沖突的處世態(tài)度并非不可理解。但若是人人都掩藏心跡,不愿坦誠(chéng),交接之間含糊其辭、虛與委蛇,唯恐自己的“全拋一片心”碰上了對(duì)方的“且說(shuō)三分話(huà)”, 生怕首先暴露了自己的真實(shí)態(tài)度、客觀(guān)情緒而喪失主動(dòng)權(quán),如此,人與人之間的溫情善意、赤誠(chéng)真摯將不復(fù)存在,人們將永遠(yuǎn)保持著所謂的“安全距離”而無(wú)法觸碰彼此的靈魂,永遠(yuǎn)受困于身邊的“無(wú)效社交”而無(wú)法脫離原始的恐懼與孤獨(dú)。
“唯大英雄能本色,是真名士自風(fēng)流!焙吆吖⒄谡谘谘诓⒎菨(rùn)滑人際、左右逢源的“萬(wàn)金油”,直率天然、簡(jiǎn)單澄澈方為提升格局、收獲美滿(mǎn)的“強(qiáng)心針”。不掩心跡,方顯英雄本色,展露真我,笑迎盛放人生。
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生寫(xiě)作的能力。
審題:
這是一道引語(yǔ)式材料作文題。
材料意在引導(dǎo)青少年形成健康正向的人際交往理念,關(guān)鍵句“坦誠(chéng)交流才有可能遇到真正的相遇”直接指明中心論點(diǎn)和寫(xiě)作方向,把握住“坦誠(chéng)交流”一詞,則易進(jìn)行文章構(gòu)思。
與他人相處時(shí),不愿表達(dá)真實(shí)想法,因此人云亦云、從眾而談、唯唯諾諾,無(wú)非出于尋求群體、避免矛盾、保護(hù)自我的心理,固然能暫時(shí)起到潤(rùn)滑關(guān)系、規(guī)避沖突的作用,但長(zhǎng)此以往,則會(huì)使人喪失個(gè)性,面目模糊,看似左右逢源,實(shí)則孤獨(dú)自苦,既無(wú)法培養(yǎng)起勇敢表達(dá)、直抒己見(jiàn)的能力,也錯(cuò)過(guò)與同頻的朋友交流、相知的良機(jī)。
坦誠(chéng)交流,既可以勾勒真實(shí)自我,讓群體認(rèn)識(shí)、了解自己,更能夠吸引到認(rèn)同、欣賞自己的“同類(lèi)”,在共性的基礎(chǔ)上建立起牢固真實(shí)的友情;既可以擺脫虛言矯飾的疲憊,克服怕做“異類(lèi)”、怕成“孤島”的畏縮情緒,更能以我口說(shuō)我心的姿態(tài)消除他人對(duì)自己的假性印象,釋放由持續(xù)掩飾偽裝帶來(lái)的精神壓力;既是一種不懼發(fā)聲、敢于袒露的膽量、勇氣,更是一種磊落灑脫、質(zhì)樸天然的人生態(tài)度?傊,唯有坦誠(chéng)交流,適合的機(jī)會(huì)、同質(zhì)的朋友、應(yīng)得的利益、獨(dú)特的魅力……才會(huì)和自己有一場(chǎng)“真正的相遇”。
寫(xiě)作時(shí),可以先明確提出論點(diǎn)——“坦誠(chéng)交流”,然后分別從坦誠(chéng)能夠吸引真正的朋友、贏(yíng)得應(yīng)有的尊重,能夠培養(yǎng)磊落的品行、鍛煉堅(jiān)韌的心志等方面進(jìn)行論述;再?gòu)姆捶矫婕僭O(shè)人人都戴上面具、不肯坦誠(chéng),將會(huì)對(duì)人際關(guān)系造成怎樣的打擊、對(duì)和諧社會(huì)造成怎樣的破壞;接下來(lái)聯(lián)系實(shí)際,適當(dāng)批駁現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中某些提倡“圓穩(wěn)”、曲解“中庸”的亂象;最后總結(jié)觀(guān)點(diǎn),收束全文。
立意:
1.率真為人,英雄本色。
2.展露真我,不斂鋒芒。
3.坦以承己,誠(chéng)以待人。
4.袒露心跡,同向而行。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)
英語(yǔ)
姓名________________ 準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)________________
全卷共12頁(yè),滿(mǎn)分150分,考試時(shí)間120分鐘。
考生注意:
1. 答題前,請(qǐng)務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填寫(xiě)在試題卷和答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。
2. 答題時(shí),請(qǐng)按照答題紙上“注意事項(xiàng)”的要求,在答題紙相應(yīng)的位置上規(guī)范作答,在本試題卷上的作答一律無(wú)效。
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分)
做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。
第一節(jié) (共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What is Kate doing?
A. Boarding a flight. B. Arranging a trip. C. Seeing a friend off.
【答案】C
【解析】
原文】M: Thanks for the wonderful weekend, Kate.
W: Thats okay. Bob and I are glad you came to see us.
M: Oh, I have to go in. My flight will take off soon. Do contact me when youre in Sydney.
W: Sure, we will.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking about?
A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Paul, listen to the radio. Its Youve Stolen My Heart, one of the songs played at our wedding.
M: Yeah, how beautiful! Its been popular for almost two decades.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What will the speakers do today?
A. Go to an art show. B. Meet the mans aunt. C. Eat out with Mark.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: David, forget about Mark. His aunt is in town, so he cant go with us today.
M: Oh, what a pity! Its the last day of the art show.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What does the man want to do?
A. Cancel an order. B. Ask for a receipt. C. Reschedule a delivery.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: How may I help you?
M: I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday.
W: Yes, what’s the problem?
M: I need to have it delivered this Saturday.
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
When will the next train to Bedford leave?
A. At 9:45. B. At 10:15. C. At 11:00.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Next, please.
M: Oh, hi, I missed my 9 oclock train to Bedford. Do I have to buy another ticket?
W: No. The next train leaves at a quarter to ten at Platform 11.
M: Thank you.
第二節(jié) (共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分22.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
6. What will the weather be like today?
A. Stormy. B. Sunny. C. Foggy.
7. What is the man going to do?
A. Plant a tree. B. Move his car. C. Check the map.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Honey, have you checked todays weather forecast?
M: Yes, its cold and wet. There is a warning for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.
W: What are we going to do then?
M: Nothing much. Just stay indoors. There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.
W: Right.
M: And the low temperatures could bring snow to the forest area.
W: I hope its over quickly.
M: Well, it wont get better until late Wednesday. Anyway, I have to move the car away from the trees.
W: Yeah, you cannot be too careful.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
8. Why is Kathy in California now?
A. She is on vacation there. B. She has just moved there. C. She is doing business there.
9. What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?
A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter.
10. What does Kathy thank Dave for?
A. Finding her a new job. B. Sending her a present. C. Calling on her mother.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Dave. This is Kathy from Sunny California.
M: Hi, Kathy. You finally called. How was the move? All settled in?
W: Sorry, I hadn’t called sooner, but it’s been a busy month. We’re slowly getting things set up in our new home.
M: Yeah, I understand. How are Jeff and the children?
W: Jeff is doing well with his new job. Tom has made many new friends here and has a lot to do. Fiona is fine, though she misses her grandma. By the way, thank you for looking in on my mother from time to time. I call her every week, but it isn’t the same as seeing her.
M: No problem. Betty and I are friends now. How is the weather there?
W: It’s nice and warm, and we are able to spend some time every week on the beach with the children.
M: That’s great.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
11. How did Jack go to school when he was a child?
A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus.
12. What is Jacks attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?
A. Disapproving. B. Encouraging. C. Understanding.
13. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?
A. Overprotecting their children.
B. Pushing their children too hard.
C. Having no time for their children.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school?
M: I lived close to my school, so I walked every day. Why?
W: Well, I remember that when we were kids, we often walked, rode a bike or caught the bus to school. Few of us were dropped off at the school gate by our parents.
M: I see what you mean, these days you can see traffic jams around schools that drop off at pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents. They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, mostly to do with safety and convenience.
W: You have a point there, but it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and other life skills. Some parents are just being over-protective with their children learning nothing, but living in fear of everything. Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
14. Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?
A. To keep records of her progress.
B. To sell home-grown vegetables.
C. To motivate her fellow gardeners.
15. Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?
A. They need no special care.
B. They can be used in cooking.
C. They bear a lot of fruit soon.
16. What is difficult for Marie to grow?
A. Herbs. B. Carrots. C. Pears.
17. What is Maries advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?
A. Aim high. B. Keep focused. C. Stay optimistic.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. B 17. C
【解析】
【原文】M: So Aurie, your kitchen garden looks excellent. What made you turn to social media to record your vegetable growing?
W: Initially, I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me a sense of achievements and keeping me motivated and moving forward. As time went by, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.
M: I know you grow lots of fruit on your land. Which would you recommend to beginners as the best to grow?
W: Strawberries would be a good choice. They produce a lot of fruit in their first season.
M: Thats cool. Well, do you have plans to try newor any particular crops next year?
W: Next season I will be adding some pear trees to the fruit area. I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen. After a couple of years of failure, I will try growing carrots again.
M: What advice would you offer someone thinkingof doing kitchen gardening?
W: Have a plan of what you want your kitchen garden to look like. Dont be too discouraged if things dont go according to plan. Learn from your mistakes and move on. Theres always next season.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
18. What is "Life of Johnson"?
A. A magazine column. B. A TV series. C. A historical novel.
19. What is Johnson famous for?
A. His acting talent. B. His humorous writing. C. His long sports career.
20. When did Johnson join Sports Times?
A. In 1981. B. In 1983. C. In 1985.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Welcome to Meet the Author. Well, many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnsons weekly article under the title Life of Johnson, the articles along with his novels and essay collections have earned Johnson the reputation as one of the funniest humans on the planet. Johnson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. After graduating in 1981, he moved on to work at the Denver Weekly for 2 years and the Los Angeles Post for two more years before landing at Sports Times. He has been voted national sports writer of the year 11 times. So now lets welcome the funny man with serious tone, Jacob Johnson.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分50分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marins natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. Well explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
Well be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (滿(mǎn)足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
23. What are the volunteers expected to do?
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了參加保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)的棲息地恢復(fù)小組的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)等相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (幫助恢復(fù)和保護(hù)從馬林海岬到波利納斯嶺的馬林海的自然區(qū)域。我們將探索美麗的公園場(chǎng)地,同時(shí)進(jìn)行入侵植物清除、冬季種植和種子收集。棲息地恢復(fù)小組的志愿者在恢復(fù)敏感資源和保護(hù)山脊和山谷中的瀕危物種方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用)”可知,棲息地恢復(fù)小組的目的是保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (歡迎10歲及以上的志愿者)”可知,參加棲息地恢復(fù)小組的最低年齡限制是10歲。故選B項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我們將風(fēng)雨無(wú)阻地工作)”可知,身為志愿者,即使天氣不好也要工作。故選B項(xiàng)。
B
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (針灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (獸醫(yī)) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩療法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在從針灸中受益后,將綜合醫(yī)療應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物,并取得了初步成效。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)自衛(wèi),那可能是因?yàn)樗囊恍┩屡紶枙?huì)嘲笑他不尋常的方法。) ”可知,F(xiàn)arber的同事們有時(shí)會(huì)嘲笑他不尋常的方法,他們認(rèn)為他很奇怪。故選A。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后,他嘗試了針灸,這是一種古老的中國(guó)療法,并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過(guò)兩三次治療,他的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。對(duì)獸醫(yī)有效的方法似乎對(duì)他的病人也有效。因此,在研究了這些技術(shù)幾年后,他開(kāi)始把它們提供給寵物。)”可知,F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針灸中受益,這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。
【26題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說(shuō),查理心臟病發(fā)作后,她準(zhǔn)備讓他進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài),但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦,她能夠讓它多活五個(gè)月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)報(bào)告說(shuō),她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過(guò)脊椎按摩調(diào)整后,“行動(dòng)更容易,乘車(chē)更舒服”。) ”可知,本段主要講述了兩個(gè)例子,一個(gè)是Farber通過(guò)整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie,另一個(gè)是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動(dòng)和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說(shuō)明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。故選D。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯確信,隨著時(shí)間的推移,綜合療法會(huì)越來(lái)越受歡迎,如果過(guò)去有任何跡象的話(huà),他可能是對(duì)的:自1982年以來(lái),美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)。)”可知,法伯認(rèn)為綜合療法會(huì)越來(lái)越受歡迎,隨后作者列舉了美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)的例子,因此推斷美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)是為證明法伯的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。故選A。
C
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假說(shuō))”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果。
【28題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時(shí),在紙上學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功。大量的研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知,在紙上學(xué)習(xí)更有成效,以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)人員從提出簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)(如識(shí)別閱讀文章的主旨)轉(zhuǎn)移到需要思維抽象的任務(wù)(如從文本中推斷)時(shí))”推知,此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者從簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要精神抽象的任務(wù)時(shí),紙質(zhì)閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見(jiàn)”之意,所以shine through應(yīng)是“顯而易見(jiàn)”之意,和D項(xiàng)意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假說(shuō))”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同樣重要的是精神層面。閱讀研究人員提出了一個(gè)名為“shallowing hypothesis”的理論。根據(jù)這一理論,人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)接觸數(shù)字文本,這些文本通常不那么嚴(yán)肅,與閱讀印刷品時(shí)相比,投入的精神努力也更少)”可知,shallowing hypothesis假設(shè)讀者在閱讀數(shù)字文本時(shí)會(huì)持有一種輕松的心態(tài),不會(huì)像閱讀紙質(zhì)書(shū)籍那樣投入太多的心理努力。故選A項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Audio (音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音頻和視頻可能比文本更具吸引力,因此大學(xué)教師越來(lái)越多地轉(zhuǎn)向這些技術(shù),例如分配在線(xiàn)講座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知,音頻和視頻比文本更能吸引學(xué)生的注意力,所以大學(xué)教師越來(lái)越多地使用這些技術(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用,尤其是在提供印刷品中無(wú)法獲得的資源時(shí)。然而,為了在需要精神集中和反思的情況下最大限度地學(xué)習(xí),教育工作者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的,即使它們包含相同的單詞)”可知,盡管數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻在教育中有一定作用,但當(dāng)需要精神集中和反思以最大化學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),教育者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的,即使它們包含相同的單詞。這表明作者認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代,因此暗示紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。
D
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏見(jiàn),建議應(yīng)用程序引導(dǎo)公民科學(xué)家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天,大多數(shù)生物多樣性記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式出現(xiàn)。)”可知,現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。故選B。
【33題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (這些觀(guān)察結(jié)果現(xiàn)在超過(guò)了來(lái)自物理標(biāo)本的原始數(shù)據(jù),而且由于我們?cè)絹?lái)越多地使用觀(guān)察數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)研究物種如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化,我想知道:它們有用嗎?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面,比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開(kāi)花植物的照片,而不是它旁邊的草。”)”可知,Daru的研究聚焦于觀(guān)察數(shù)據(jù),即人們通過(guò)移動(dòng)應(yīng)用記錄的物種觀(guān)察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。
【34題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面,比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開(kāi)花植物的照片,而不是它旁邊的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 這是有道理的,因?yàn)樵谝苿?dòng)設(shè)備上獲得觀(guān)察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科學(xué)家,他們記錄了他們?cè)诟浇貐^(qū)與物種的接觸。)”可知,導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因是采樣方式的不當(dāng)。故選C。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用我們的'研究結(jié)果來(lái)告知用戶(hù)樣本過(guò)多的地區(qū),并將他們引導(dǎo)到樣本不足的地方,甚至是物種。為了提高觀(guān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量,生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序還可以鼓勵(lì)用戶(hù)讓專(zhuān)家確認(rèn)他們上傳的圖像的身份。)”可知,Daru 建議生物多樣性應(yīng)用應(yīng)該給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故選D。
第二節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, its vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同義詞詞典). I dont trust my laptops spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but Im old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, its not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, theres nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dont often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still dont want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries dont always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得以及從中獲得的樂(lè)趣。
【36題詳解】
上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想發(fā)表,提交一份完美的、專(zhuān)業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的)”提到了完美的、專(zhuān)業(yè)的手稿的重要性,手稿中不能有語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤是專(zhuān)業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項(xiàng)“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(這意味著語(yǔ)法正確,沒(méi)有拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。)”是對(duì)手稿要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明,符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(當(dāng)然,現(xiàn)在有很多在線(xiàn)詞典和同義詞庫(kù),但我是一個(gè)守舊的人,更喜歡精裝的書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè)。)”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè),說(shuō)明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文,所以B選項(xiàng)“It takes no account of the context.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因,具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義,從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能,E選項(xiàng)“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(當(dāng)然,字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫(xiě)的。)”提到了字典的部分功能,能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)。
【39題詳解】
下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而,如果我需要檢查一個(gè)單詞的來(lái)源或查找其用法的例子,沒(méi)有什么比這更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情況,A選項(xiàng)“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對(duì)字典使用頻率的說(shuō)明,與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。
【40題詳解】
上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個(gè)定義時(shí)寫(xiě)道:“編字典是件無(wú)聊的工作(乏味)!)”提到了編寫(xiě)字典是件乏味的工作,下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花幾分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽一兩頁(yè)是一種有益的體驗(yàn)。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂(lè)趣,D選項(xiàng)“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典讀起來(lái)是一種樂(lè)趣。)”是作者對(duì)字典的評(píng)價(jià),與上文的“乏味”形成對(duì)比,與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievement s all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my ____45____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ____46____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I ____47____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride. The ____50____: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ____51____. That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “l(fā)ocal” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____53____.
I’ve ____54____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence
46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice
51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。它詳細(xì)敘述了作者在不同階段對(duì)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)(跑步和騎自行車(chē))的興趣和經(jīng)歷,并通過(guò)這些經(jīng)歷反映了作者的成長(zhǎng)和心理變化。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我十幾歲的時(shí)候,一個(gè)鄰居朋友贏(yíng)得了馬拉松比賽。A. knew知道;B. held抓住;C. won贏(yíng)得;D. quit退出。根據(jù)后文“Feeling motivated”可知,作者有了動(dòng)力,所以此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)鄰居朋友贏(yíng)得了馬拉松比賽。故選C項(xiàng)。
【42題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:有了動(dòng)力,我開(kāi)始定期跑步,但后來(lái)發(fā)生了兩件事。A. regularly有規(guī)律地;B. silently默默地;C. proudly自豪地;D. recently最近。根據(jù)前文“Feeling motivated” 可知,作者有了動(dòng)力,所以應(yīng)是定期跑步,符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
【43題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:首先,有一天我遇到的一個(gè)女孩告訴我,她正在為“超級(jí)”馬拉松訓(xùn)練,指的是52.4英里的雙馬拉松。A. asking要求;B. looking看;C. waiting等待;D. training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,女孩要跑雙馬拉松,所以此處應(yīng)是為之訓(xùn)練,符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà),我討厭它!A. made制作;B. believed相信;C. hated討厭;D. deserved值得。根據(jù)前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者最長(zhǎng)跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道,所以是討厭這個(gè)成績(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【45題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在那個(gè)女孩面前,我的成就顯得微不足道,再加上慢跑的無(wú)聊,我決定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage優(yōu)勢(shì);B. achievement成就;C. contribution貢獻(xiàn);D. influence影響。根據(jù)前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知,作者最長(zhǎng)跑了15 miles,而女孩在為52.4 miles做訓(xùn)練,所以應(yīng)是作者的成就微不足道。故選B項(xiàng)。
【46題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在那個(gè)女孩面前,我的成就顯得微不足道,再加上慢跑的無(wú)聊,我決定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式;B. risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn);C. place地方;D. reason理由。根據(jù)后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知,有一只大狗在追“我”,“我”才會(huì)再跑步,這里說(shuō)的是跑步的原因。故選D項(xiàng)。
【47題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:所以我開(kāi)始騎自行車(chē)。A. gave up放棄;B. went on繼續(xù);C. turned to轉(zhuǎn)向;D. dealt with處理。根據(jù)前文“I decided that the only 6 Id ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知,作者決定放棄跑步,所以此處應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)向騎自行車(chē)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【48題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我夢(mèng)想著參加自行車(chē)比賽,直到我飛到圣地亞哥去看我妹妹。A. heard聽(tīng)到;B. dreamed夢(mèng)想;C. complained抱怨;D. approved批準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)后文“of entering cycle races”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,此處應(yīng)是作者夢(mèng)想著參加自行車(chē)比賽,符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
【49題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:有一天她上班的時(shí)候,我借了她的自行車(chē)去兜風(fēng)。A. painted把……描繪成;B. borrowed借;C. bought買(mǎi);D. parked停(車(chē))。根據(jù)前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知,作者去看妹妹,所以要去騎行的話(huà),應(yīng)是向妹妹借自行車(chē)。故選B項(xiàng)。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:?jiǎn)栴}是:那里的道路穿過(guò)很大的山谷,我一次要騎上坡好幾英里。A. problem問(wèn)題;B. secret秘密;C. principle原則;D. advice建議。根據(jù)后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 .”可知,作者要騎上坡好幾英里,這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
【51題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。A. dangers危險(xiǎn);B. events事件;C. opponents對(duì)手;D. challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)前文“The 10 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者要騎上坡好幾英里,這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:。那天,我被大約100個(gè)習(xí)慣了這種道路的“當(dāng)?shù)亍彬T自行車(chē)的人超過(guò)了。A. passed超過(guò);B. convinced說(shuō)服;C. admired欣賞;D. stopped阻止。根據(jù)前文“I’d never faced such 11 .”可知,作者騎上坡好幾英里是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),所以是被很多人超過(guò)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)我回到家,突然騎自行車(chē)似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信賴(lài)的;B. convenient方便的;C. familiar熟悉的;D. appealing吸引人的。根據(jù)前文“That day, I got 12 by about 100 “l(fā)ocal” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知,作者那天騎行被100多人超過(guò),所以此時(shí)是覺(jué)得騎自行車(chē)似乎不那么吸引人了。故選D項(xiàng)。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:從那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行;B. matured (情感和認(rèn)識(shí))成熟;C. missed思念;D. worried擔(dān)心。根據(jù)后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,作者不再輕易放棄,所以是成熟了很多。故選B項(xiàng)。
【55題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我已經(jīng)開(kāi)始接受這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):無(wú)論我為自己設(shè)定什么目標(biāo),它們都必須是我自己的。A. limits限制;B. dates日期;C. goals目標(biāo);D. tests測(cè)試。根據(jù)后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,此處應(yīng)是“無(wú)論我為自己設(shè)定什么目標(biāo),它們都必須是我自己的”,符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié) (共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (鋁). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】56. engineering
57. functional
58. to give
59. closed 60. walks
61 the 62. favorites
63. as 64. which##that
65. richness
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目——一個(gè)位于國(guó)家信托基金會(huì)伍爾貝丁花園邊緣的動(dòng)態(tài)溫室,并詳細(xì)描述了該溫室的設(shè)計(jì)、功能、以及它如何與絲綢之路的歷史和絲綢之路花園相結(jié)合。
【56題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:最新的工程技術(shù)被用來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)同樣美麗的保護(hù)功能結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知,空處考查短語(yǔ)engineering techniques,意為“工程技術(shù)”,符合句意。故填engineering。
【57題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:最新的工程技術(shù)被用來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)同樣美麗的保護(hù)功能結(jié)構(gòu)。空處修飾名詞structure,應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)functional,符合題意。故填functional。
【58題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:溫室在溫暖日子里開(kāi)放,利用液壓系統(tǒng)為內(nèi)部植物提供陽(yáng)光和通風(fēng)。use sth. to do sth.為固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填to give。
【59題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:然后在寒冷的天氣里,這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)保持關(guān)閉,以保護(hù)亞熱帶植物?仗幱糜趕tays之后作表語(yǔ),應(yīng)用形容詞closed,表示“緊閉的”,符合題意。故填closed。
【60題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:此外,圍繞溫室的絲綢之路花園帶領(lǐng)游客走過(guò)一段受古絲綢之路影響的旅程。walk sb. through,意為“帶領(lǐng)某人穿過(guò)……”,空處為本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)上文可知,本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)the Silk Route Garden為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填walks。
【61題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:亞洲和歐洲之間的貿(mào)易路線(xiàn)第一次為英國(guó)帶來(lái)了絲綢、香料和許多植物。固定搭配:for the first time,意為“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
【62題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:這些植物包括現(xiàn)代西方最受喜愛(ài)的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可數(shù)名詞,意為“特別受喜愛(ài)的東西”,根據(jù)空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填favorites。
【63題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:Mark Woodruff補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“這是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的最高成就,在絲綢之路的盡頭,中國(guó)亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過(guò)山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場(chǎng),這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國(guó),定義了英國(guó)園藝的豐富和榮耀!备鶕(jù)句意可知,空處指的是“作為”,應(yīng)用介詞as。故填as。
【64題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:Mark Woodruff補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“這是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的最高成就,在絲綢之路的盡頭,中國(guó)亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過(guò)山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場(chǎng),這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國(guó),定義了英國(guó)園藝的豐富和榮耀!笨仗幰龑(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞design,先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that。
【65題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:Mark Woodruff補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“這是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的最高成就,在絲綢之路的盡頭,中國(guó)亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過(guò)山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場(chǎng),這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國(guó),定義了英國(guó)園藝的豐富和榮耀。”空處與glory并列,應(yīng)用名詞形式richness,作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。故填richness。
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分40分)
第一節(jié) (滿(mǎn)分15分)
66. 假定你是李華,上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術(shù)課。請(qǐng)你給英國(guó)朋友Chris寫(xiě)一封郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)你完成的作品;
(2)你的感想。
注意:
(1)寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右;
。2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.
In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇是應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。要求考生給Chris寫(xiě)一封信, 分享在公園上美術(shù)課的經(jīng)歷。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
決定:decide→determine
整個(gè)的:entire→whole
提供:offer→provide
總之:in a word→in short
2. 句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句:Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
拓展句:Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
第二節(jié) (滿(mǎn)分25分)
67. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (隊(duì)列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."
注意:
。1)續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右;
。2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】參考范文
Para 1
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.
Para 2
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文以人物為線(xiàn)索展開(kāi),講述了作者在一次因風(fēng)暴延誤的旅途中,匆忙搭乘出租車(chē)前往車(chē)站趕最后一班去布拉格的公共汽車(chē)。司機(jī)岡特不熟悉車(chē)站位置,通過(guò)電話(huà)求助后順利抵達(dá)。到達(dá)時(shí)作者卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒(méi)帶現(xiàn)金,嘗試用葡萄牙銀行卡支付沒(méi)有成功,而車(chē)站的取款機(jī)也故障了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫(xiě):
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我跑回到岡特那里,告訴他這個(gè)壞消息!笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼(xiě)作者留下岡特的電話(huà),承諾會(huì)還錢(qián)給對(duì)方,岡特同意,最終作者及時(shí)登上了公共汽車(chē)。
、谟傻诙问拙鋬(nèi)容“四天后,當(dāng)我回到維也納時(shí),我按照承諾給岡特打了電話(huà)!笨芍,第二段可描寫(xiě)作者付費(fèi)給岡特,并向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖屑ぃ瑑扇顺蔀榱撕门笥选?/p>
2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線(xiàn)索:作者給出解決辦法——承諾還錢(qián)——岡特同意——作者登上公共汽車(chē)——履行承諾還錢(qián)——兩人成為朋友
3.詞匯激活
行為類(lèi)
、倬芙^:reject/refuse
、诮o某人擁抱:give sb. a hug/embrace sb.
、塾浵拢瑢(xiě)下:write down/set down
情緒類(lèi)
、匐y以置信地:in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably
、陂_(kāi)心地:happily/joyfully
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.(運(yùn)用了where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.(運(yùn)用了when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
英語(yǔ)
本試卷共12頁(yè)。考試結(jié)束后, 將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項(xiàng): 1. 答題前, 考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫(xiě)清楚, 將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2. 選擇題必須使用 2B 鉛筆填涂; 非選擇題必須使用 0.5 毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě), 字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3. 請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答, 超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效; 在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。
4. 作圖可先使用鉛筆畫(huà)出, 確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5. 保持卡面清潔, 不要折疊, 不要弄破、弄皺, 不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(1—20 小題)在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。
注意事項(xiàng): 英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力共兩節(jié),20小題,每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分。
第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分)
做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What did the woman do yesterday evening?
A. She watched TV. B. She went shopping. C. She attended a show.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you watch the talent show on TV last night?
W: No, I missed it. I went with my mom to buy some clothes.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What is the man’s suggestion?
A. Taking a rest. B. Going for a coffee. C. Having a snack.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I love this park. It’s so beautiful.
M: It surely is. Are you tired? Shall we stop by the lake for a few minutes?
W: Good idea. Let’s go to that cafe for a little refreshment.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A weekend plan. B. A wedding invitation. C. A business deal.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Tom, shall we invite the Smiths around for dinner this Sunday?
M: Sure, but I need to pack for Monday’s business trip. What about Saturday?
W: Okay.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
Where is Barbara going tonight?
A. To a gym. B. To her grandma’s. C. To the doctor’s.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Barbara, do you want to play table tennis with us tonight?
W: I’d love to, but I can’t. I’m catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma. I need to take her to visit a doctor tomorrow morning.
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What is Alex doing?
A. He’s having breakfast. B. He’s feeding a cat. C. He’s reading a book.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Alex, did you feed the cat this morning? I don’t think she can wait.
M: All right. After I finish this chapter, I just can’t let go of this book.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分22.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘:聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
6. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a fitness center. B. In a sports shop. C. In a clinic.
7. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Buy high-quality sportswear.
B. Keep working out regularly.
C. Avoid over-exercising.
【答案】53. A 54. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Miss, do you need any help?
W: I want to get fit, but exercise doesn’t seem to help.
M: What kind of exercise have you done before?
W: I did jogging now and then but it was so boring, so I changed to weightlifting. But it was so demanding, and I was afraid of getting injured, so I went bike riding.
M: Oh, I see. You need to be consistent. I suggest you do different kinds of exercise on one day or on different days of the week. This will help hold your interest, so you can keep coming back.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
8. Why does the man make the call?
A. To reserve a table. B. To ask about a party. C. To postpone a meeting.
9. What time should the man arrive on Friday evening?
A. At 5:30. B. At 6:30. C. At 8:00.
10. What is the man’s name?
A. Brown. B. Anderson. C. Howard.
【答案】55. A 56. C 57. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Brown’s Grill. How may I help you?
M: Hi, I’d like to book a table for Friday evening.
W: Okay, how many people are there in your party?
M: There will be six.
W: And what time would you like to come?
M: Let’s say at... 6:30.
W: I’m afraid we don’t have anything available then. We could see you at 5:30 or 8:00.
M: Oh, 8:00 is better.
W: Fine. May I have your name?
M: Yes, it’s Anderson.
W: Thank you. We’ll see you on Friday. By the way, we’ve moved to Howard Street.
M: Oh, yeah, I know. Thanks.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
11. Why does Sarah come to talk to Jacob?
A. To make an appointment. B. To seek his advice. C. To explain a decision.
12. How many people are there in Sarah’s group?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
13. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Jacob, do you have a minute now?
M: Sure.
W: Well, it’s not easy to say, but I have to tell you, you’re not in our group for the class project.
M: Sarah, what do you mean? You know, I’m always in a group with you.
W: I know, it’s just that this time..., this time we made the group differently. And because you were late, we’ve already made the group. See, there are four of us already.
M: so? we can’t be a group of five?
W: Well, Professor North said there should be no more than four people in each group. It’s not about you or your work or anything like that.
M: Okay, but please count me in next time.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà),回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
14. How often does the band come to perform in the park?
A. Three times a year. B. Once a year. C. Every other year.
15. What kind of music will be played this evening?
A. Country music. B. Jazz. C. Rock and roll.
16. What will Jannie do next?
A. Catch a bus. B. Listen to a lecture. C. Go to the library.
【答案】61. B 62. A 63. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Jannie, where are you going?
W: To the library.
M: There is a music concert in Victoria Park at 4 o’clock. Do you want to go?
W: Yes, Professor Darwin’s lecture is cancelled. I’m free this evening.
M: Great. The band plays pretty good music. For the last 3 years, I have never missed it.
W: How long ago did the band start playing in the park?
M: I think it was 5 years ago. Every year they arrive the first week of July and play for a week. You’re sure to enjoy this evening. There will be good country music.
W: My favorite is rock and roll, but I have to say that country music can be quite beautiful sometimes.
M: I like all kinds of music, especially jazz. Oh, Jannie, we have to go now.
W: Why? There’s plenty of time.
M: Many people are heading to the park. The traffic will be terrible.
W: All right, but I have to return these books first.
M: Okay. I’ll be waiting for you at the bus station.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
17. Why did the speaker go to the hotel?
A. To deliver a speech.
B. To arrange a conference.
C. To interview Mr. Rochester.
18. What did Mr. Rochester do soon after he bought the hotel?
A. He talked with the staff members.
B. He had the old carpets replaced.
C. He ran a six-month training project.
19. What did Susan do when she met Mr. Rochester the second time?
A. She was a cleaner. B. She was a secretary. C. She was a receptionist.
20. What does the speaker think is key to Mr. Rochester’s success?
A. Managing time efficiently.
B. Valuing human relationships.
C. Possessing a good memory.
【答案】64. B 65. A 66. C 67. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Good morning, everyone. This lesson is a part of our leadership series. Let me start by sharing a story of Richard Rochester, one of the most successful businessmen in Britain. Years ago, I was given the task of organizing a conference in the south of England. I chose a five-star hotel owned by Rochester as the venue. Susan, the receptionist, helped me arrange everything perfectly. Once when we were chatting, I asked Susan if she’d ever met Mr. Rochester. She said yes. Shortly after Mr. Rochester bought the hotel, he made an appointment to see the hotel manager. When he arrived, the first person he met was Susan, who was cleaning the carpet. He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment with the manager. He spent all day at the hotel talking with each member of the staff, from the top guy to the lady who cleaned the toilets. Six months later, Mr. Rochester paid another visit. Susan had been promoted to receptionist, but he recognized her immediately and addressed her by name. He even remembered that she had a little girl and what her name was. Now, I don’t believe that Richard Rochester has that good memory. He must have written a lot of notes after his first visit and read them over again before that second visit. It’s time-consuming, but it shows the importance he places on human relationships. I think that’s one of the secrets of his success.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié), 滿(mǎn)分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15 小題; 每小題 2.5 分, 滿(mǎn)分 37.5分)
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手電筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
1. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了參加卡洛秋季徒步節(jié)的幾種步行方案,及其日期、起點(diǎn)和步行時(shí)間等相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文,根據(jù)文章所給出的四種方案中的“Walk Duration (步行時(shí)間)”部分比較可知,“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基爾布蘭尼什森林?jǐn)z影步行)”的步行時(shí)間是1.5小時(shí),用時(shí)最短。故選D項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿著不當(dāng)?shù)娜藢⒈痪芙^參加)”可知,第三種步行方案的參與者需要穿合適的衣服。故選A項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四種步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和時(shí)間)”部分比較可知,這四種方案都被安排在周末。故選D項(xiàng)。
B
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
4. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
6. What has Trost been doing recently?
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運(yùn)系統(tǒng)(BART)推出自動(dòng)售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務(wù),旨在滿(mǎn)足乘客閱讀需求,提升出行體驗(yàn),Trost認(rèn)為此舉措能吸引更多乘客,對(duì)BART的未來(lái)持樂(lè)觀(guān)態(tài)度,預(yù)期乘客量將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““You enter the fare gates (檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(舊金山灣區(qū)捷運(yùn)系統(tǒng)(BART)首席通訊官Alicia Trost表示:“你進(jìn)入檢票口,會(huì)看到一個(gè)亮著燈的信息亭,它告訴你可以得到一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘的報(bào)道。你可以選擇你想要的長(zhǎng)度,它會(huì)給你一個(gè)類(lèi)似收據(jù)的短篇故事!)”可知,BART啟動(dòng)信息亭是為了滿(mǎn)足乘客在乘車(chē)過(guò)程中的閱讀需求,為他們提供不同長(zhǎng)度的短篇故事或詩(shī)歌來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)間。故選C項(xiàng)。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以選擇你想要的長(zhǎng)度,它會(huì)給你一個(gè)類(lèi)似收據(jù)的短篇故事)”可知,信息亭中的故事按長(zhǎng)度分類(lèi),乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長(zhǎng)度的故事。故選B項(xiàng)。
【6題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我們想做一些事情,呼吁灣區(qū)的藝術(shù)家為比賽提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(獲獎(jiǎng)故事會(huì)進(jìn)入我們的書(shū)報(bào)亭,然后你就會(huì)成為一名出版藝術(shù)家)”可知,Trost最近在組織一個(gè)故事競(jìng)賽,向?yàn)硡^(qū)的藝術(shù)家征集故事,獲勝作品將被放入書(shū)報(bào)亭供乘客閱讀。故選A項(xiàng)。
【7題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她說(shuō):“歸根結(jié)底,所有的交通機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在都在盡一切努力改善乘客體驗(yàn)。所以我絕對(duì)認(rèn)為,我們會(huì)因?yàn)槎唐≌f(shuō)而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知,Trost認(rèn)為通過(guò)提升乘客體驗(yàn),包括提供短篇故事閱讀服務(wù),BART可以吸引更多的乘客,乘客量將會(huì)增加。故選D項(xiàng)。
C
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
9. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
10. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
11. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì),包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇,但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)甚至縮短了旅程)”可知,巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到餐桌的距離。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外,還有一個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序,可以實(shí)時(shí)提供增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù))”可知,這個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)上班。在辦公室里,他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示:“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品!)”可知,BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇,但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通過(guò)云連接,對(duì)BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外,還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的,因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水,而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)上班。在辦公室里,他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示:“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品。”)”可知,文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì),包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。
D
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一書(shū)。該書(shū)作為應(yīng)對(duì)AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實(shí)用指南,以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景,強(qiáng)調(diào)控制AI的重要性,呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展,以防潛在危機(jī)。
【12題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (這樣一本書(shū)可能會(huì)像驅(qū)動(dòng)人工智能的計(jì)算機(jī)代碼一樣復(fù)雜,但值得慶幸的是,坎貝爾有20多年的專(zhuān)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實(shí)際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā),撰寫(xiě)了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南,讀完后會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知,坎貝爾撰寫(xiě)的這本書(shū)是通俗易懂的,如果別人寫(xiě)這本書(shū)的話(huà)可能就不是這樣了,推測(cè)劃線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)表示 “如果是由能力較差的人寫(xiě)的”。故選C項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得慶幸的是,坎貝爾有20多年的專(zhuān)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實(shí)際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā),撰寫(xiě)了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南,讀完后會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知,坎貝爾在書(shū)中將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容,這本書(shū)的特點(diǎn)是通俗易懂,推測(cè)它采用了接地氣的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格。故選B項(xiàng)。
【14題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她說(shuō),我們必須保持對(duì)人工智能的控制,否則就有被邊緣化甚至更糟的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我們需要考慮我們希望人工智能的未來(lái)如何發(fā)展。這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的思維,加上全球監(jiān)管,將使我們走向偉大,而不是走向衰敗)”可知,坎貝爾敦促人們保持對(duì)人工智能的控制,考慮人工智能的未來(lái)應(yīng)如何發(fā)展,所以關(guān)于人工智能的發(fā)展,坎貝爾敦促人們共同努力將其控制住。故選C項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革). (考慮到人工智能改變我們生活的驚人潛力,我們都需要采取行動(dòng)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的未來(lái),這正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地?ㄌ乩飱W娜·坎貝爾撰寫(xiě)的這本引人入勝的`新書(shū)是一本實(shí)用的路線(xiàn)圖,旨在應(yīng)對(duì)即將到來(lái)的人工智能革命帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn))”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能將影響我們所有人,如果你只讀一本關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的書(shū),那就是這本書(shū))”可知,本文主要介紹了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一書(shū),該書(shū)作為應(yīng)對(duì)AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實(shí)用指南,以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景,強(qiáng)調(diào)控制AI的重要性,呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展,以防潛在危機(jī),所以作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是推薦一本關(guān)于人工智能的書(shū)。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿(mǎn)分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (榮幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了如何避免“過(guò)度旅游”的現(xiàn)象。
【16題詳解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促進(jìn)理解,擴(kuò)展我們的思想,使我們成為更好的人,促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社區(qū),但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過(guò)度旅游)”表明旅游帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題,后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在當(dāng)今世界,失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行,結(jié)合后文“Certainly not.(當(dāng)然不)”可知,空處提問(wèn)能否停止旅行,D選項(xiàng)“那么,我們應(yīng)該停止旅行嗎?”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
【17題詳解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客過(guò)多的目的地是有原因的:它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個(gè)地方的帖子,很容易讓你覺(jué)得你錯(cuò)過(guò)了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時(shí),才去某個(gè)地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游,C選項(xiàng)“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時(shí)的感受,忠實(shí)自己的感受,不用管其余的建議,符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
【18題詳解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 為什么不嘗試一個(gè)地區(qū)性的選擇,或者看看一個(gè)熱門(mén)目的地不太為人所知的景點(diǎn)呢)”提出建議,可以選擇一些冷門(mén)的景點(diǎn),E選項(xiàng)“你仍然可以找到相對(duì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。
19題詳解】
空處為小標(biāo)題,根據(jù)后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通過(guò)跳過(guò)重大節(jié)假日或高峰時(shí)間來(lái)最小化影響并最大化體驗(yàn))”表示旅游時(shí)要注意避開(kāi)高峰期,選擇合適的時(shí)間,A選項(xiàng)“在非高峰時(shí)間參觀(guān)”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。
【20題詳解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(盡你的一份力,從一開(kāi)始就保護(hù)一個(gè)目的地的特別之處)”表明旅游時(shí)應(yīng)保護(hù)旅游景點(diǎn),后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你和那里的人感覺(jué)如此親近)”表示這樣做的感受,G選項(xiàng)“考慮回饋你所訪(fǎng)問(wèn)的社區(qū)”承上啟下,符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié), 滿(mǎn)分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1分, 滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didnt think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___, Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___26___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. Its these small ___28___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___29___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____30____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____34____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test
26. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order
28. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties
29. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth
30. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale
31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied
34. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities
35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者十年前選擇在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的風(fēng)土人情。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:我喜歡在法國(guó)旅行,但當(dāng)談到選擇我最喜歡的定居地點(diǎn)時(shí),意大利顯然是贏(yíng)家。A. study學(xué)習(xí);B. rent租金;C. visit游覽;D. settle定居。根據(jù)下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知,此處指作者最喜歡的定居地點(diǎn)。故選D。
【22題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,句意:在我第一次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)意大利時(shí),我很難問(wèn)路或在餐館點(diǎn)餐。A. planned計(jì)劃;B. struggled斗爭(zhēng)、吃力地進(jìn)行;C. refused拒絕;D. happened出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生。根據(jù)上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知,此處指作者第一次到意大利,語(yǔ)言不通,很難溝通交流。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,句意:我試著把一個(gè)意大利語(yǔ)句子串在一起,當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)我微笑,稱(chēng)贊我的語(yǔ)言技能。A. string串起、連成一串;B. hang懸掛;C. mix混合;D. match配對(duì)。根據(jù)下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知,此處指作者努力想用意大利語(yǔ)串成一句話(huà)。故選A。
【24題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,句意:我試著把一個(gè)意大利語(yǔ)句子串在一起,當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)我微笑,稱(chēng)贊我的語(yǔ)言技能。A. improved改進(jìn);B. assessed評(píng)估;C. admired欽佩;D. praised贊揚(yáng)。根據(jù)上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知,此處指作者嘗試說(shuō)意大利語(yǔ),當(dāng)?shù)厝速潛P(yáng)作者的語(yǔ)言能力。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:這種鼓勵(lì)幫助我克服了語(yǔ)言障礙。A.course課程;B. barrier障礙;C. area區(qū)域;D. test測(cè)試。根據(jù)上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知,此處指當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)作者的鼓勵(lì)幫助他克服了語(yǔ)言障礙。故選B。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析,句意:當(dāng)我把意大利作為永久的家后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)了意大利人是多么的熱情。A. open-minded思想開(kāi)明的;B. strong-willed思想堅(jiān)定的;C. warm-hearted熱心的;D. well-informed見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的。根據(jù)下文鄰居的熱心行為“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知,此處指鄰居是熱情的。故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,句意:鄰居們會(huì)給我?guī)?lái)新鮮的奶酪,還會(huì)在下雨的時(shí)候來(lái)我家門(mén)前提醒我關(guān)上車(chē)窗。A. remind提醒;B. allow允許;C. persuade說(shuō)服;D. order命令。根據(jù)上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知,此處指熱心的鄰居在下雨的時(shí)候來(lái)作者家門(mén)前提醒他關(guān)上車(chē)窗。故選A。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:正是這些小小的善舉讓一個(gè)新國(guó)家有家的感覺(jué)。A. tricks技巧;B. promises承諾;C. acts行為;D. duties職責(zé)。根據(jù)上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知,此處指鄰居們的善舉。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:作為一個(gè)美食家,通往我內(nèi)心的路是通過(guò)我的胃,沒(méi)有什么地方能像意大利那樣刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心;B. success成功;C. appetite食欲;D. growth發(fā)育。根據(jù)上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知,此處指做這是一個(gè)美食家,所以應(yīng)該是刺激食欲。故選C。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)都有自己的傳統(tǒng)菜肴,每個(gè)家庭都保存著代代相傳的食譜。A. costume服裝;B. dish菜肴;C. symbol符號(hào);D. tale故事。根據(jù)上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知,此處指意大利各地都有傳統(tǒng)菜肴。故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,句意:一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合;B. cheer歡呼;C. leave留下;D. wait等待。根據(jù)上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知,此處指一家人聚集在一起吃飯。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析,句意:一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服;B. stand up for支持;C. come up with想出;D. make up for彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知,此處指家人們?yōu)榱司墼谝黄鸪燥埗氤龅睦碛。故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,句意:這些飯菜總是伴隨著笑聲和喜悅。A. signaled示意;B. confirmed確認(rèn);C. represented 代表;D. accompanied伴隨。根據(jù)下文“by laughter and joy”可推知,此處指家人們?cè)谝黄鹩貌蜁r(shí)伴隨著歡聲笑語(yǔ)。固定搭配“accompany by”譯為“伴隨”。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:無(wú)論意大利的生活有什么缺點(diǎn),一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來(lái)吃頓大餐,這些問(wèn)題就會(huì)被遺忘。A. disadvantages缺點(diǎn);B. meanings含義;C. surprises驚喜;D. opportunities機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知,此處指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,句意:無(wú)論意大利的生活有什么缺點(diǎn),一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來(lái)吃頓大餐,這些問(wèn)題就會(huì)被遺忘。A. created創(chuàng)建;B. forgotten忘記;C. understood理解;D. identified確認(rèn)。根據(jù)上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知,此處指無(wú)論在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處,跟家人們吃一頓飯就會(huì)忘記不愉快。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共10 小題; 每小題 1.5 分, 滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (紀(jì)念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】36. who
37. themes 38. were
39. to 40. inspired
41. was built
42. visibility
43. to find
44. Recalling
45. and
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)明代戲曲家湯顯祖與英國(guó)戲劇家莎士比亞之間的聯(lián)系和共同點(diǎn),并展示了這種聯(lián)系如何被紀(jì)念和展示在莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)斯特拉特福德,且說(shuō)明了這種聯(lián)系對(duì)于提高斯特拉特福德國(guó)際知名度的重要性。
【36題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:為了紀(jì)念被譽(yù)為“亞洲莎士比亞”的湯顯祖,中國(guó)文化元素為莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了國(guó)際化的色彩。這里為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞,先行詞為“Tang Xianzu”,在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ),表示人,用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
【37題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:莎士比亞故居信托基金會(huì)的研究主管Paul Edmondson說(shuō),盡管他們從未見(jiàn)過(guò)面,但他們的作品中都有共同的主題。本句為“there be”句型,為倒裝句,根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“are”可判斷,本句主語(yǔ)為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填themes。
【38題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:“湯顯祖所寫(xiě)的一些內(nèi)容也是莎士比亞所關(guān)心的。我碰巧知道湯顯祖的戲劇《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似!边@里為本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意以及定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)可知,本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí);主語(yǔ)為“some of the things”,復(fù)數(shù)。故填were。
【39題詳解】
考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意:“湯顯祖所寫(xiě)的一些內(nèi)容也是莎士比亞所關(guān)心的。我碰巧知道湯顯祖的戲劇《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似!惫潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ):be similar to,意為“和……相似”,符合句意。故填to。
【40題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:兩年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花園落成,該花園距離莎士比亞故居僅十分鐘步行路程,其靈感來(lái)自《牡丹亭》。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ),被修飾詞“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和動(dòng)詞“inspire”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填inspired。
【41題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:兩年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花園落成,該花園距離莎士比亞故居僅十分鐘步行路程,其靈感來(lái)自《牡丹亭》。這里為本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Two years later”可知,本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí);主語(yǔ)為“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,單數(shù),和動(dòng)詞“build”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was built。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:Edmondson說(shuō),這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國(guó)際知名度,并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),游客們穿過(guò)故居花園時(shí),常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。形容詞international后接名詞形式,visibility“知名度”為不可數(shù)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填visibility。
【43題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:Edmondson說(shuō),這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國(guó)際知名度,并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),游客們穿過(guò)故居花園時(shí),常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)形容詞“amazed”后的原因狀語(yǔ),用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。故填to find。
【44題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:回憶起幾年前在上海觀(guān)看莎士比亞戲劇《理查三世》的中國(guó)版,并遇見(jiàn)前來(lái)斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中國(guó)演員時(shí),Edmondson說(shuō):“聽(tīng)到中文,看到湯顯祖的戲劇是如何被表演的,非常激動(dòng)人心!狈侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)“Edmondson”和動(dòng)詞“recall”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞形式擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ);出現(xiàn)在句首,首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Recalling。
【45題詳解】
考查連詞。句意:回憶起幾年前在上海觀(guān)看莎士比亞戲劇《理查三世》的中國(guó)版,并遇見(jiàn)前來(lái)斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中國(guó)演員時(shí),Edmondson說(shuō):“聽(tīng)到中文,看到湯顯祖的戲劇是如何被表演的,非常激動(dòng)人心!笨涨啊癶ear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”為并列結(jié)構(gòu),用and連接。故填and。
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié), 滿(mǎn)分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分15分)
46. 假定你是李華,上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術(shù)課。請(qǐng)你給英國(guó)朋友Chris寫(xiě)一封郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷,內(nèi)容包括:
。1)你完成的作品;
。2)你的感想。
注意:
(1)寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右;
(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Chris
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.
In a word, it was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇是應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。要求考生給Chris寫(xiě)一封信, 分享在公園上美術(shù)課的經(jīng)歷。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
決定:decide→determine
整個(gè)的:entire→whole
提供:offer→provide
總之:in a word→in short
2. 句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句:Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
拓展句:Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
第二節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分25分)
47. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (隊(duì)列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."
注意:
。1)續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右;
。2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】參考范文
Para 1
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.
Para 2
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文以人物為線(xiàn)索展開(kāi),講述了作者在一次因風(fēng)暴延誤的旅途中,匆忙搭乘出租車(chē)前往車(chē)站趕最后一班去布拉格的公共汽車(chē)。司機(jī)岡特不熟悉車(chē)站位置,通過(guò)電話(huà)求助后順利抵達(dá)。到達(dá)時(shí)作者卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒(méi)帶現(xiàn)金,嘗試用葡萄牙銀行卡支付沒(méi)有成功,而車(chē)站的取款機(jī)也故障了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫(xiě):
、儆傻谝欢问拙鋬(nèi)容“我跑回到岡特那里,告訴他這個(gè)壞消息!笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼(xiě)作者留下岡特的電話(huà),承諾會(huì)還錢(qián)給對(duì)方,岡特同意,最終作者及時(shí)登上了公共汽車(chē)。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“四天后,當(dāng)我回到維也納時(shí),我按照承諾給岡特打了電話(huà)!笨芍诙慰擅鑼(xiě)作者付費(fèi)給岡特,并向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖屑,兩人成為了好朋友?/p>
2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線(xiàn)索:作者給出解決辦法——承諾還錢(qián)——岡特同意——作者登上公共汽車(chē)——履行承諾還錢(qián)——兩人成為朋友
3.詞匯激活
行為類(lèi)
、倬芙^:reject/refuse
、诮o某人擁抱:give sb. a hug/embrace sb.
、塾浵拢瑢(xiě)下:write down/set down
情緒類(lèi)
、匐y以置信地:in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably
②開(kāi)心地:happily/joyfully
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.(運(yùn)用了where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.(運(yùn)用了when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
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