1.after作連詞使用時,連接兩個從句。語法結構為“B happened after A happenen"或”After。
A happened,B happened.",它們含義一樣,都是指“A事件首先發(fā)生”,一定要注意第二個結構中的“,"。
I went to America after I left school.
After I left school,I went to America.我離開學校后,我去了美國。
He did military service after he went to university.(=He went to university first.)我上完大學后,我去參軍了。
After he did military service,he went to university.(=He did military service first.)我參軍完后,我去上了大學。
2.after用作連詞,引導狀語從句時通常用現(xiàn)在時表示將來的含義。如:
I'll telephone you after I arrive.(NOT...after I will arrive.)
我到達后將打電話給你。
3.after引導的從句,我們習慣用完成時態(tài)。一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(have+過去式)代替現(xiàn)在時,用過去完成時(had+過去式)代替過去時。
I‘ll telephone you after I've arrived我到了后打電話給你。
After I had left school,I went to America.我離開學校后,我去了美國。
【注】在狀語從句中,用完成時態(tài)和用其他時態(tài)并沒用很大區(qū)別,只是我們習慣用完成時態(tài)強調”某件事情在另外一件事情開始時已經完成”。
4.在正式用語中,我們也常用“after+V-ing"結構。
After completing this form,return it to the director's office.完成這份表格后,把它交到行政辦公室。
He wrote his first book after visiting Mongolia.他參觀完蒙古后,寫了他的第一本書。
1. 用作連詞時,它所引導的時間狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來意義(若強調完成也可用現(xiàn)在完成時),但不能直接使用一般將來時。如:
請告訴她我買些東西就回來。
誤: Please tell her I’ll come back after I will do some shopping.
正:Please tell her I’ll come back after I do [have done] some shopping.
2. 一般說來,如果在過去某一時間內先后發(fā)生了兩個動作,那么先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時,后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。但是若用了連詞 after 來連接這兩個動作,由于 after 本身已說明了兩個動作的`先后關系,所以兩者均可用一般過去時。如:
After he (had) closed the door, he left the house. 關了門之后,他就離開了家。
3. 有時以連詞 after 引導的時間狀語從句可以換成一個以介詞after 引導介詞短語或以連詞 after 引導的分詞短語,而意義不變。如:
He went to bed after he had supper (=after supper). 吃了晚飯之后,他就上床睡覺了。 After she (had) finished (=After having finished / After finishing / Having finished) her work she left theoffice. 她干完活后就離開了辦公室。