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      2. 代詞語(yǔ)法的講解

        時(shí)間:2021-08-18 10:24:34 詞語(yǔ) 我要投稿

        代詞語(yǔ)法的講解范文

          (一)代詞概述

        代詞語(yǔ)法的講解范文

          代詞用來(lái)代替名詞,在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),有時(shí)還可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。代詞在考試命題中主要是代詞格的變化、代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式以及不定代詞和it的用法等。

          (二)基本知識(shí)梳理

          1. 人稱(chēng)代詞:主格作主語(yǔ),賓格用作及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

          He often helps me.

          Who is at the door? It's me.

          The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.

          出現(xiàn)并列主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),其排列順序?yàn)椋簡(jiǎn)螖?shù)時(shí)是第二、第三、第一人稱(chēng)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)231)即you,he and I或you,her and me;復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)是第一、第二、第三人稱(chēng)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)123)即we,you and they或us,you and them。

          2. 物主代詞:形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ),后加名詞;而名詞性物主代詞等于形容詞性物主代詞加名詞。如: This is my book. = This book is mine.

          名詞性物主代詞可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如:

          Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.

          May I use your pen? I've lost mine.

          She is a classmate of his.

          The bike is hers.

          3. 反身代詞:用作賓語(yǔ)和起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

          1)作賓語(yǔ)

          Help yourself to some cakes.

          I can look at myself in the mirror.

          They should think more of the public health than themselves.

          2)作強(qiáng)調(diào)

          We do homework by ourselves.

          I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.

          4. 指示代詞

          1)this,that,these,those

          What's this(that)? It's a book.

          What are these(those)? They are books.

          this和these比較靠近,that和those稍遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。

          2)it的用法

          (1)指物:It's a robot.

         。2)指自然現(xiàn)象: It's raining now, but it will be fine soon.

          (3)指時(shí)間:What time is it? It's 8 o'clock.

         。4)指距離:It's twenty minutes' walk.

          (5)作形式主語(yǔ):It's important for us to fight pollution.

          It took me half an hour to finish the work.

          It's kind of you to say so.

         。6)作形式賓語(yǔ): We think it necessary to relax from time to time.

          5. 不定代詞

          1)some,any

          some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如:

          There are some pens on the desk.

          There aren't any pens on the desk.

          Are there any pens on the desk?

          Some are Chinese. Others are English.

          在表示請(qǐng)求、建議、反問(wèn)等句子中,用some而不是用any。如:

          Would you like some drink?

          any也可以表示任何一個(gè)。如:

          Do you know any of her friends?

          If you have any questions, you can ask me.

          2)復(fù)合不定代詞:something, anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,no one,everyone,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere這些不定代詞都作單數(shù),表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。

         。1)作主語(yǔ):

          Someone is waiting for you.

          No one is in the classroom.

         。2)作賓語(yǔ):

          Have you got anything to say?

          Did you see anything else in the classroom?

         。3)不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)放在它們的后面。如:

          I’ve got something interesting to tell you.

          There's nothing new in the newspaper.

          3)a few,few,a little,little前兩者修飾可數(shù)名詞,后兩者修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few,little表示否定,意思是幾乎沒(méi)有;a few,a little表示肯定,意思是還有幾個(gè)、有一點(diǎn)。如:

          There is still a little time left, you needn't hurry.

          I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.

          4)both(兩者都,復(fù)數(shù)),all(三者以上都,復(fù)數(shù)),neither(兩者都不,單數(shù)),none(三者以上都不,單復(fù)數(shù)),either(兩者中的一個(gè),單數(shù)),both...and, neither...nor, either...or

         。1)作主語(yǔ):

          Both of the twins are doctors.

          All of them are honest.

          Neither of them is a doctor.

          None of them is/are honest.

         。2)詞組:

          Both Li Ping and I are students.

          Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.

         。3)作形容詞:

          on both sides of the river

          on either side of the river

          注意下面句子轉(zhuǎn)化:

          Both of them are teachers.

          改成否定句是: Neither of them is a teacher.

          All of us are students.

          改成否定句是: None of us is a student. 或: None of us are students.

          5)one ...the other(s)表示一個(gè)……其余的……,是有范圍的;some...others 表示一些……另一些……,是無(wú)范圍的;another 表示很多中的另一個(gè),再……個(gè)。如:

          He has two brothers. One is an engineer, the other is a writer.

          Some like football. Others like basketball.

          Some books on the shelf are in Chinese, the others in English.

          She will be in hospital for another two weeks.(她將在醫(yī)院再住兩星期。)

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