語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)：有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)答疑
�。保� before long 與long before記憶訣竅和用法介紹記憶訣竅: 【適合于高一】
long 在前"很久前"long在后"不久后"
用法：long before單獨(dú)使用，一般用在過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句自里。它后面可以跟從句構(gòu)成句型：
It be ...before .... before 前一般是long, not long 等詞。
值得注意的是：主句中的時(shí)態(tài)只能是一般過(guò)去時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)。before long "很快、不久"，
可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
�。玻� affect 與effect有何不同？【適合于高二, 高三】
兩個(gè)詞都有"影響"的意義。 affect是動(dòng)詞（vt.）effect是名詞。
３． doubt 后接從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意些什么? 【適合于高二, 高三】
在肯定句中用whether / if 引導(dǎo)，在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中用that引導(dǎo)
４． lead 一詞如何使用？【適合于高二, 高三】
lead sb. to (into / out of )somewhere 帶領(lǐng)某人去某處
lead sth. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。。。
lead sb. (in) doing sth. 帶領(lǐng)（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）做。。。
lead sb. to do sth. 使得、導(dǎo)致（某人）做。。。
lead a ... life = live a ... life 過(guò)著。。。的生活
lead to 通向、導(dǎo)致 All roads lead to Rome. 條條道路通羅馬。
�。担甽ose 與miss有什么不同? 【適合于高一】 【適合于高二】
這兩個(gè)詞在表示"丟失了"做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，易出錯(cuò)．前者只能用過(guò)去分詞；后者只能用現(xiàn)在分
詞．如：the lost child the missing word
�。叮� 分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有無(wú)特殊現(xiàn)象？【適合于高二】
下面的分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)分別表示:
lost , missing 丟失了的 left , remaining 剩下的
exposed , sticking, 突出的, 冒出的 drunken, 喝醉酒的
lighted , 燃著的, 亮著的 burnt , 燒焦的
７．prefer 一詞有哪些東西需要掌握？【適合于高二, 高三】
1.prefer to do sth. prefer + n. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
2.prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 3.prefer sb. to do sth.
4.prefer that...
prevent(stop / keep) ... from ... 在用法上有什么區(qū)別?
它們都可表示"阻止．．．做．．．"．prevent, stop 后面的from可以省去，而keep 后面的from
不能省去．
�。福� prevent... from 與 protect ... from 在用法上有什么區(qū)別? 【適合于高二, 高三】
prevent... from結(jié)構(gòu)中prevent的賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出介詞from后動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作;而protect ...from
構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)不能發(fā)出后面的動(dòng)作。
�。梗畃romise sb. to do sth. 是不是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)句型？【適合于高二】
該結(jié)構(gòu)不是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ降膭?dòng)作是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的。它常用于：
promise to do sth. promise sb. to do sth.
promise + n. / pron. promise sb. sth.
promise (sb.) that ....
�。保埃畃rove有哪些用法？【適合于高二, 高三】
vt. 證明、證實(shí) prove + n. / pron. prove that.... prove sb.(sth.) + adj. / n. / to be
link-v. 證明市、后來(lái)事實(shí)證明是 prove + n. / adj. / to be ... / of...
�。保保畃ull 與push在意義上和用法上有哪些不同？【適合于高二】
pull 是"拉" push是"推"。兩個(gè)都是及物動(dòng)詞。
�。保玻畍ery不能修飾哪些詞？【適合于高一】【適合于高二, 高三】
very不能直接修飾動(dòng)詞;而用very much修飾。
用very修飾原級(jí)形容詞副詞，用much修飾比較級(jí)最高級(jí)。
用very修飾由分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的形容詞；而一般用much修飾過(guò)去分詞。
�。保常畆aise 與rise有什么不同？【適合于高一】
兩個(gè)都有"上升、上漲"的意思。raise是及物動(dòng)詞；rise是不及物動(dòng)詞。raise 還有
"喂養(yǎng)、飼養(yǎng)"之意。
�。保矗畃opulation 一詞有哪些東西需要掌握？【適合于高一】
對(duì)人口提問(wèn)可用：What is the population of ．．．? How large is the population of ．．．?
�。卸嗌偃丝谝话阌茫篢he population of ．．． is ．．．．
�。甴as a population of．．．．
對(duì)人口的修飾只能用：large, small 等詞，不能用many, much．．．
all, some, 32 percent of 等修飾population做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)．
在人口的比較中應(yīng)用that ． The population of China is larger than that of India.
�。保担�"許多"有多少？【適合于高一】【適合于高二, 高三】
1,只接可數(shù)名詞
many , many a (后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
a good(great) many, a (good, large, great) number of
2.只接不可數(shù)名詞
a (great ) large amount of , large amounts of
a (good, great ) deal of
3.即可接可數(shù)名詞又可接不可數(shù)名詞
a lot of, lots of , plenty of
a (large) quantity of , (large) quantities of
注意：quantity , plenty構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)多接不可數(shù)名詞．
�。保叮男﹦�(dòng)詞可用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)？【適合于高一】
1.某些實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用作連系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)．這類動(dòng)詞有：
sound , look, feel, taste
2.動(dòng)詞sell, break, write, wash, read等，它們常是不及物動(dòng)詞，而且后有副詞修飾(well,
easily, smooth．．．)．
3.want, need, require表示"需要"時(shí)，以及形容詞worth后的動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)．
動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語(yǔ)，且與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)．這
種情況下，句子的.主語(yǔ)與不定式有主謂關(guān)系．
例：I have a meeting to attend.
4.在"名詞（代詞） + be + adj. + to do "結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，
此時(shí)不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)．用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：difficult, easy, important, heavy,
light, nice, pleasant, fit．．．．
5.在There be + 名詞 + to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式．
6.不定式to let, to blame, to seek作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)．
１７．關(guān)于后置定語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題【適合于高一】【適合于高二, 高三】
1.some, any, anything, nobody, somewhere, nothing等詞的修飾語(yǔ)要后置．
2.else修飾somebody, what, who, something 時(shí)，要后置．
3.不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)要后置．
4. proper（本身）,present（在場(chǎng)的，出席的）, involved（有關(guān)的）,
concerned相關(guān)的）,（left 剩下的）, objecting （反對(duì)的）,
mentioned （提及的）, selected （當(dāng)選的）等詞做定語(yǔ)要后置．
5.a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞做定語(yǔ)要后置．如：alike, alive, alone, asleep．．．．
１８．a(chǎn)s 有哪些常見(jiàn)用法？【適合于高一】【適合于高二, 高三】
做連詞可用于：
1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 "在．．．的時(shí)候，當(dāng)．．．"
2.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 "因?yàn)�，由�?quot;
3.引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句 "依照，按照，如，像"
4.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 "盡管，雖說(shuō)" 此種用法時(shí)從句要倒裝（表語(yǔ)倒裝，
謂語(yǔ)倒裝，狀語(yǔ)倒裝）
5.as后跟名詞 （相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
As a young man, he worked hard. = When he was a young man, he worked hard.
6.和某些動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成固定搭配．
treat．．．a(chǎn)s regard．．．a(chǎn)s look on(upon)．．．a(chǎn)s
take．．．a(chǎn)s take up．．．a(chǎn)s think of．．．a(chǎn)s
introduce．．．a(chǎn)s take a job as．．． serve．．．a(chǎn)s act as
7.用于某些成語(yǔ)
as black as coal as dry as dust as blind as a bat
as easy as ABC as brave as a lion as fair as a rose
as fat as a pig as busy as a bee as free as the air
as cold as ice as gentle as a lamb as deep as a well
as greedy as wolf as happy as a king as heavy as lead
as sound as a bell as poor as a church mouse as proud as a peacock
as quiet as a lamb as red as blood as white as snow
as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上 as a result 結(jié)果
as a result of 由于．．． as a rule 一般（說(shuō)來(lái)）；通常
as ．．．a(chǎn)s possible = as．．．a(chǎn)s one can 盡力，盡可能
as follows 如下 as if (as though) 就像．．．似的
as to + 名詞 至于，說(shuō)到 as to + that從句 關(guān)于（常不譯出）
as usual 像平常一樣 so as to 以便
so ．．．a(chǎn)s to 如此．．．以至．．． so (as) long as 只要
such ．．．a(chǎn)s to 如此．．．以至．．． as．．．a(chǎn)s．．． 和．．．一樣．．．
as soon as 一．．．就．．． as soon as possible 盡快地
as well 也， 還 as well as 也， 還
such as 如像
�。保梗� word 一詞有什么值得注意的？【適合于高二】
1. 注意該詞的單復(fù)數(shù)．如：
have a word with sb.和．．．說(shuō)句話 have words with sb. 和．．．吵架
in a word 總之 in other words 換句話說(shuō)
keep one's word 遵守諾言 beyond words 無(wú)法用言語(yǔ)來(lái)形容
2. word 用單數(shù)且不用冠詞意為：消息，謠言
Word came of his success abroad. Word came from Beijing.
word用單數(shù)并用定冠詞或其它限定詞意為：命令，囑咐
The troops got the word to begin moving out.
His word is that he has gone back to Tianjin.
�。玻埃甿ost 一詞前的冠詞如何使用？【適合于高一】【適合于高二, 高三】
most 前加the 是最高級(jí)；most前加 a時(shí)表示"非常"= very
He is the most careful in our class. He is a most careful student in our class.
most 做代詞用時(shí)要注意：
1.the most 后不能加介詞of引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)．
The most you can hope for is 50$.
2.most of 前不加冠詞表示"大部分，大多數(shù)"一般做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)．
Most of the students are from the countryside.
3.在固定搭配中at (the) most 有無(wú)冠詞都可以．
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