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英語(yǔ)專四寫作便條范文
1.邀請(qǐng)便條:
、侔l(fā)出邀請(qǐng)
發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)a
April 20, 2008
Dear Fiona,
I am going to hold a dinner party with several other friends of ours. The party will be held in Room 6 of Lijing Hotel at 5:00 p.m. today, I sincerely hope you can attend and we will have a very happy time together. Please let me know whether you can make it.
Yours,
Amelia
發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)b
April 20, 2008
Dear Fiona,
Here is a piece of good news for you. The * will give a performance in the * tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it .The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you can make it at your earliest convenience.
發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)c
April 20, 2008
Dear Professor Zhou,
I am Amelia from class 052; I need you to give me some suggestion on my project. If it doesn’t trouble you too much, shall we have a meet at your office tomorrow? Time is up to you.
Respectful yours,
Amelia
發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)d(通知)
April 20, 2008
Dear girls and boys in Class 0403,
This Saturday evening, from 7 p.m. to 9 p. m., at Singeing dining hall, there will be a ball held by Class 0301. We warmly invite you to take part in it. There you can enjoy yourselves with dance, music and various games. And we’ll have a chance of communication, which will enhance the friendship between us. Come and enjoy ourselves together.
Yours, Mike
Monitor of Class 0301
②接受邀請(qǐng)
April 20, 2008
Dear Amelia,
It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to come. I will go to the place right after I finish my work at about 5 p.m. this evening. (如果是辦在家里:I shall be very happy to call at your house right after I finish my work at 6:30 this evening.) Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Fiona
、劬芙^邀請(qǐng)
April 20, 2008
Dear Amelia,
It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to but I have a meeting to attend this evening, please give my best regards to them all and I hope my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience, have fun.
Yours, Amelia
2.請(qǐng)假條
April 20, 2008
Dear Ms. Jiang,
I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class (I‘m terribly sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from the Aug. 23rd to Sep. 3rd)due to a bad cold and high fever. I will show you the certificate from the doctor to support my application. I will go back to school as soon as I recover.(I promise I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back.)Wish for your allowance.
Yours respectfully, Amelia
3.請(qǐng)求便條
a.講清事情的因由(為什么請(qǐng)求) b.請(qǐng)求行為
c.請(qǐng)求實(shí)現(xiàn)方式 d.致謝
套句:
請(qǐng)求幫助: Would you do me a favor? Would you be so kind as to…?/ Could I trouble you to send this book for me?/ If it is not too troublesome, could you…?/ I hope this request will not trouble you too much.
范文:
April 20,2008
Dear Professor Hu,
I am very happy to have the chance to listen to your lecture on “American Literature”. But it is a pity that I was late that day due to an accident on my way to the lecture and failed to get the handout. Your lecture is really instructive for my English study, so I wonder if you could kindly e-mail the handout to the address: zhang123@yahoo.com.cn .Heartfelt thanks.
Respectfully yours,
Amelia
4.抱怨投訴便條(關(guān)鍵詞complain, dissatisfaction)
a.抱怨投訴行為 b.投訴內(nèi)容具體描述
c.要求彌補(bǔ)糾正賠償 d.抱怨投訴者對(duì)彌補(bǔ)糾正賠償?shù)鹊亩卮倩蛲{
套句:
行為描述I’m writing to bring your attention to the problems I have had with … . Here’s the problem…
解決方式的要求:It would be very kind( considerate) of you to…address this problem soon. / take steps to rectify this situation soon. / turn it down a little?
敦促或威脅: Frankly, I really can’t put up with the situation any more. You must rectify the situation, or I will take it to the court. / If you can’t give me a satisfactory answer, I will complain it to the Consumer Association.
英文書信有正式與非正式之分,英文便條為非正式書信。
TEM4(英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試)把寫便條 (note~writing)列入必考項(xiàng)目之一,其目的是按照((高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱>)的要求,測(cè)試英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生在基礎(chǔ)階段末用英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)思想的能力。便條成績(jī)?cè)赥EM4筆試成績(jī)中雖只占10%,卻如同一面鏡子,能反映出學(xué)生英語(yǔ)書面交際的能力。有關(guān)英文便條寫作,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者多有論述 (可參見寧有權(quán)、劉永軍,1999;王崇義,1995;楊俊峰,1997;Aired,Brusaw&Oliu,2000; Bates,1990)。學(xué)者們認(rèn)為,便條是一種簡(jiǎn)短信函,多使用非正式語(yǔ)體,它的形式比一般書信簡(jiǎn)單。例如,寫便條的人與收便條的人的地址、稱呼中 “Dear'’一詞、日期中的年份以及結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)(complimentary close,亦稱結(jié)束語(yǔ)),都可以省去;便條正文篇幅可小至一、兩句話?墒牵瑍TEM4便條寫作而言,并不完全像以上說(shuō)的那樣,它有一定的限制。 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試大綱EM4寫便條的要求是,“根據(jù)提示寫大約50-60~]的通知、便條、請(qǐng)貼等。要求格式正確,語(yǔ)言得體。” 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試大綱 的要求其實(shí)也給TEM4便條制定了評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1TEIM4便條的評(píng)分往往從格式、內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言、字?jǐn)?shù)這四方面來(lái)考慮。因此,要想寫好TEM4便條,就必須掌握TEM4便條的基本要求,注意TEM4便條寫作中常見的問(wèn)題,以便對(duì)癥下藥,充分發(fā)揮自己的英文寫作水平。一TEM4便條的基本要求
(一) 格式(format)正確TEM4便條的格式與普通英文書信格式基本相同。
具體來(lái)說(shuō),它應(yīng)有日期(date)、稱呼 (saluwfion)、正文(body)及結(jié)尾(ending),結(jié)尾包括結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)(complimentary close)和簽名(signature)。1.日期指寫便條的日期。英文便條與漢語(yǔ)便條的日期寫的地方有別,前者的日期一般寫在便條的右上角,偶爾也見寫在便條的左上角,而后者的日期則寫在便條的右下角,即寫在簽名的下面。英文日期與漢語(yǔ)日期的寫法也有不同,漢語(yǔ)一般先寫年,然后再寫月、日,而英文則一般把年份寫在月、日的后面。另外,英文日期的月、日與年之間通常用逗號(hào)隔開。例如,2008年4月21日通常寫成April 21,2008或April 21 st,2008;當(dāng)然,由于是非正式書信,也可以去掉年份,寫成Ap l 2l或April 21st(不過(guò),這種寫法,只是最近兩年才被TEM4接受),或者寫成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能說(shuō)明便條的有效度,沒(méi)有日期,則會(huì)使人感到茫然。2.稱呼稱呼是指寫便條人對(duì)收便條人的稱謂,一般都以Dear開頭,寫在日期下一兩行、留出左頁(yè)邊空白,頂格寫。TEM4試卷中一般對(duì)寫便條人與收便條人之間的關(guān)系作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是寫便條人,提到的另一方便是收便條人。稱呼時(shí),一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可,如 Dear Susan,Dear Tom。若此人有頭銜(social title),稱呼時(shí),便要保留其頭銜,例如Dr.Herce,要稱Dear Dr.Pierce,不稱Dear Pierce。如果提示中的另一方是以Mrs Wang或Mr Wang出現(xiàn),稱呼時(shí)也只需在其前加Dear便可,即稱DearMrs Wang或Dear MrWang,若只稱Dear Wang則視為不妥。當(dāng)對(duì)方為親屬時(shí),在Dear 后面加上表示親屬關(guān)系大寫的字眼即可,如Dear Grandpa,Dear Aunt。值得一提的是,近年來(lái)TEM4也接受不帶Dear的稱呼。稱呼后面可用逗號(hào),也可用冒號(hào)。3.正文www.freetem4tem8.cn正文是寫便條人要敘述或談?wù)摰氖虑,是便條的主要組成部分。一般書信是在稱呼下方隔兩行處開始寫正文。但就TEM4便條而言,一般在稱呼的下一行開始寫正文便可。正文的首行左邊一般留約5個(gè)字母寬的空白,但也可頂格寫。便條的內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單、字?jǐn)?shù)少,因此,正文一般只需寫一段或兩段。若有兩段,第二段的首行應(yīng)與第一段的首行對(duì)齊寫。4.結(jié)尾如前所述,結(jié)尾包括結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)和簽名。
(1)結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)的位置一般是在正文最后一行的下面,從便條的中央部分開始,稍向右縮進(jìn)。當(dāng)然,若正文的開頭是往左頂格寫,此時(shí)的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)也應(yīng)往左頂格寫。開頭字母要大寫,末尾要用逗號(hào)。結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)為寫便條人對(duì)收便條人的謙稱或客套以示禮貌,措辭的變化按照不同的關(guān)系而定。現(xiàn)分述如下:① 致不熟悉的人,宜用較莊重的套語(yǔ),如Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,或Sincerely等。② 對(duì)上級(jí)、長(zhǎng)者,除了可用上述較莊重的套語(yǔ),也可用Yours respectfully或Respectfully yours。③ 對(duì)一般朋友或熟人可用①中提到的較莊重的套語(yǔ)語(yǔ),也可用Yours等較為隨便的套語(yǔ)。④ 對(duì)密友則采用較隨便的套語(yǔ)為宜。例如,Yours,Love,With love,Best wishes,Best regards等等。⑤ 對(duì)親屬可用下列任何一種:Love,With love,All my love,Yours affectionately,Affectionately yours,Lovingly yours,Yours lovingly,Your loving son(Dad?);但對(duì)親人,不宜用Sincerely yours~由于TEM4便條寫作一般是針對(duì)考生日常生活或?qū)W習(xí)相關(guān)的事情,寫作的對(duì)象一般是其朋友、老師、熟人,因此,TEM4通常只接受Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Sincerely,或Yours這幾種結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)。(2)簽名即寫便條人署名,位于結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)下,偏右。若結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)是往左頂格寫,這時(shí)的署名也應(yīng)往左頂格寫。簽名也由寫便條人和收便條人的關(guān)系和親疏程度而定。有時(shí)TEM4指定了寫便條人的名字,簽名時(shí)應(yīng)采用那個(gè)名字。若無(wú)指定名字,考生也不宜用自己的真名。一般只需寫名不寫姓,但若用了較莊重的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ),此時(shí)可簽全名。
(二)內(nèi)容完整一般而言,一封理想的TEM4便條應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn):(1)寫便條的原因;(2)要告訴的事情;(3)有關(guān)的希望、建議或要求等。便條寫作提示的情況都是與人們?nèi)粘I罨驅(qū)W習(xí)相關(guān)的事情。例如,對(duì)別人提供的幫助表示感謝,邀請(qǐng)朋友參觀書展,因不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約而表示道歉,把信息轉(zhuǎn)告給朋友等。所提示的內(nèi)容就是考生要表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容。思想內(nèi)容有先后之分,要講究其邏輯性,還得注意其完整性。生活中有些約定俗成的東西,寫作時(shí),應(yīng)考慮這方面的因素。例如,寫道歉信時(shí),一般都先向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢饣騼?nèi)疚,同時(shí)說(shuō)明發(fā)生疏忽、過(guò)失、或錯(cuò)誤的原因,提出彌補(bǔ)的辦法,這樣有利于取得對(duì)方的諒解,F(xiàn)以近年一次英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試便條寫作為例加以說(shuō)明:該提示是:Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher,Professor Wang.Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting.YO u should also suggest the time for the requested meting.仔細(xì)閱讀這一提示,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),第一句為第二旬所要求的道歉確定了內(nèi)容;為了求得對(duì)方的諒解,獲得另一次會(huì)面的機(jī)會(huì),你就必須說(shuō)明前次未能赴約見面的原因。因此,本便條的內(nèi)容必須包括以下四項(xiàng):
(1)apologizing for failure to turn up for the appointment,
(2)the reason for failure to turn up,
(3)making a request for another meeting,
(4)suggesting the time for the requested meeting。其中(3)、(4)為提示中明確要求表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,(1)、(2)則是根據(jù)道歉類書信特點(diǎn)而必須表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。內(nèi)容為便條寫作的重頭戲。寫作時(shí),切莫忽視提示中的任何信息,同時(shí)要關(guān)注交際中所需的相關(guān)信息。當(dāng)然,在注意提示中的信息時(shí),特別是首句,要注意用自己正確的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá),不能完全抄提示,否則會(huì)扣分。
(三)語(yǔ)言得體內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體。內(nèi)容抓住后,應(yīng)以恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),便條的語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)單明嘹,用詞平易。當(dāng)然,語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格還應(yīng)與情景一致,不同的對(duì)象,所使用的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)有所不同。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō),對(duì)上級(jí)、長(zhǎng)者、不熟悉的人的語(yǔ)言較為正式,對(duì)親朋好友的語(yǔ)言則較為隨便。不過(guò),不管對(duì)方是誰(shuí),行文中都應(yīng)體現(xiàn)態(tài)度誠(chéng)懇禮貌。
(四)字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求TEM4便條總字?jǐn)?shù)(包括日期、稱呼、結(jié)尾在內(nèi))的要求是約50—60個(gè)字。盡管在這數(shù)字之間還可以少l0字,或多20字,即40-80字,不過(guò),還是篇幅適中為好,以免因顯得太短或太長(zhǎng)而扣分。二TEM4便條寫作中常見的問(wèn)題便條寫作中常見的問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)在格式、內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言等方面。
(一)格式方面1.日期部分往往被漏掉,或漏掉日期中年與月、日之間的逗號(hào),或在日期后面加點(diǎn),或按漢語(yǔ)的順序?qū)懗?如2006年4月22日,寫成April 22 2006;April 22,2006.;2006.5.9;其正確形式請(qǐng)參照前文的相應(yīng)部分),或按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣把它寫在簽名的下面。2.稱呼未往左頂格寫,或與日期同寫一行;稱呼后面打句號(hào),或未打逗號(hào)或冒號(hào)。把結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)和簽名同寫一行,或漏寫結(jié)尾套語(yǔ),或漏掉結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)后面的逗號(hào)。
(二)內(nèi)容方面便條的內(nèi)容雖簡(jiǎn)單,但漏掉必須表達(dá)的內(nèi)容的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生。例如,在前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作,考生對(duì)未赴約的原因應(yīng)加以說(shuō)明,可不少考生只寫了如下相似內(nèi)容的便條:I am very sorry for missing yesterday’s appointment,so I do hope we can mak ean other one.Sunday evening is convenient for me.W hat about you?內(nèi)容方面還因理解不透,或自立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而導(dǎo)致交際不成功的情況也不鮮見。還是以前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作為例,評(píng)分取樣的九份答卷中就有三份類似的例子。其中一份這樣寫道,“I’m very glad to receive your note.About our appointment I think we can change an other time.Maybe tomorrow,1 will be fre an d stay at home all day.Ifyouarealsofreetomorrow ,you can call me at anytime.Then 1 will visit you?”該提示要寫一封簡(jiǎn)短的道歉信,而這位考生的答案卻與此大相徑庭,信中絲毫沒(méi)有流露出道歉的意念。
(三)語(yǔ)言方面便條中的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤可分為理解和表達(dá)兩大類,主要體現(xiàn)在措辭、語(yǔ)法、拼寫等方面。
1.措辭不當(dāng)措辭不當(dāng)在這里既指一般遣詞造句中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤 (performance erors),又指因未按TEM4便條測(cè)試中提供的語(yǔ)境遣詞造句而產(chǎn)生的語(yǔ)用失誤(pragmatic failures),還指因忽視對(duì)方的社會(huì)或文化背景差異而造成的語(yǔ)用失誤。此類問(wèn)題在TEM4便條寫作中相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重。我們還是以前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作為例;鑒于篇幅,且舉三例:(1) 在1 would appreciate you if you could have another meeting with me這句話中,appreciate后面的賓語(yǔ)不妥。只要細(xì)心的讀者翻閱一下詞典,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)appreciate(感謝)的英文釋義是be grateful for(something),若把句中的you改為it(代表后面那件事),或把a(bǔ)ppreciate改為be grateful to,或把a(bǔ)ppreciate you改為be grateful,這句話就對(duì)了。(2)考生在便條的開頭就對(duì)因病未能與王教授約會(huì)表示道歉后,接著寫道:I'm anxious to make an appointment with you.而根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該是,I'm anxious to make another appointment with you(??與你另訂一次約會(huì))。(3)你(寫便條人)自己因某種原因而沒(méi)去赴約,況且約會(huì)的對(duì)象是你的老師,事后還要命令對(duì)方到你家來(lái)見你,或以命令的 IZl吻表示要給你打電話。象“You must come to my home”,或‘'Give me a call to discuss it further'’這類話有失禮貌,使人讀后感到不舒服。
2.語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤便條中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤有多種,常見的有冠詞、詞性、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)與體、句子結(jié)構(gòu)等錯(cuò)誤。(1)冠詞錯(cuò)誤,如I'm anxious to make a(應(yīng)為an)appointment with you.(2)詞性錯(cuò)誤,如I must make an apologize(正確為apology)for failing to turn up for the appointment.(3)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)與體等方面的錯(cuò)誤,例如:a.If you will be(應(yīng)把will be改為are)free tomorrow, we shall meet again.b.I am sorry to fail(正確為to have failed而不是tofall,因事情已發(fā)生)to turn up for the appointment yesterday.(4)句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤,例如:I'm very sorry.I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you. Because my mother was seriously ill yesterday and I had to take her to see the doctor(應(yīng)改為I'm very sorry I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you yesterday because my mother was seriously ill and I had to take her to see the doctor).
3.拼寫錯(cuò)誤與別的主觀題一樣,便條寫作中拼寫錯(cuò)誤數(shù)見不鮮。例如:professor---,profesor/profesor;convenient-* conveint/convinen~convinient; recejve—} recieve; appointment ---~apointment/pointment.
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