一、句型1: Subject (主語) + Verb (謂語動(dòng)詞)
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞,常見的動(dòng)詞如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1、Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
2、The little girl cried even harder.小女孩哭得更厲害了。
3、The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。
二、句型2:Subject (主語)+Link. V(系動(dòng)詞)+Predicate(表語)
復(fù)合謂語這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類:
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有:be, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep, feel等。如:
1、This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。
2、He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1、Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和。
2、The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長(zhǎng)得高多了。
三、句型3:Subject(主語)+Verb (謂語動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語)
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞。其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來充當(dāng)。例:
1、He took his bag and left.(名詞)他拿著書包離開了。
2、Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞) 當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí),李雷總能給我?guī)椭?/p>
3、She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。
4、I don’t know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。
※只能跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:want, hope, expect, intend, demand, plan, decide, determine, promise, agree, refuse, prepare, manage, set out等。
※只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:suggest, mind, enjoy, practice, finish, prevent, imagine, consider, look forward to, get used to, give up, can’t help等。
四、句型4:Subject(主語)+Verb(謂語動(dòng)詞)+I(xiàn)ndirect object(間接賓語)+Direct object (直接賓語)
這種句型中,直接賓語為主要賓語,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng);間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語,去掉之后,對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
1、Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2、The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in theLong March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長(zhǎng)征途中那些英雄的故事。
上述句子還可以表達(dá)為:
1、Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2、The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5:Subject(主語)+Verb (謂語動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語)+Complement(補(bǔ)語)
這種句型中的'“賓語+補(bǔ)語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說明賓語的特點(diǎn)、身份等;或者表示讓賓語去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如:
1、You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)
2、We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。
3、His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩!癯R姷膭(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等!褡⒁猓簞(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to。如:
1、The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。
2、I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上。
六、句型6:There be +主語+其它
這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地有某物”。主語一般位于there be之后。值得關(guān)注的是,當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或更多的主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致:
1、There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.有兩個(gè)女孩和一個(gè)男孩正在操場(chǎng)上跑。
2)There is a cat behind the tree.樹后面有一只貓。