《木蘭詩》翻譯賞析
《木蘭詩》全詩以“木蘭是女郎”來構(gòu)思木蘭的傳奇故事，富有浪漫色彩;詳略安排極具匠心，雖然寫的是戰(zhàn)爭題材，但著墨較多的卻是生活場景和兒女情態(tài)，富有生活氣息;以人物問答及鋪陳、排比、對(duì)偶、互文等手法描述人物情態(tài)，刻畫人物心理，生動(dòng)細(xì)致，神氣躍然，使作品具有強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)感染力。
《木蘭詩》
樂府詩集
唧唧復(fù)唧唧，木蘭當(dāng)戶織。不聞機(jī)杼聲，惟聞女嘆息。
問女何所思?問女何所憶?女亦無所思，女亦無所憶。
昨夜見軍帖，可汗大點(diǎn)兵。軍書十二卷，卷卷有爺名。
阿爺無大兒，木蘭無長兄。愿為市鞍馬，從此替爺征。
東市買駿馬，西市買鞍韉;南市買轡頭，北市買長鞭。
旦辭爺娘去，暮至黃河邊。不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺。
旦辭黃河去，暮宿黑山頭。不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞燕山胡騎鳴啾啾。
萬里赴戎機(jī)，關(guān)山度若飛。朔氣傳金析，寒光照鐵衣。
將軍百戰(zhàn)死，壯士十年歸。歸來見天子，天子坐明堂。
策勛十二轉(zhuǎn)，賞賜百千強(qiáng)�？珊箚査�，木蘭不用尚書郎。愿借明駝千里足(愿馳千里足)，送兒還故鄉(xiāng)。
爺娘聞女來，出郭相扶將。阿姊聞妹來，當(dāng)戶理紅妝。小弟聞姊來，磨刀霍霍向豬羊。
開我東閣門，坐我西閣床。脫我戰(zhàn)時(shí)袍，著我舊時(shí)裳。當(dāng)窗理云鬢，對(duì)鏡貼花黃。
出門看伙伴，伙伴皆驚惶。同行十二年，不知木蘭是女郎!
雄兔腳撲朔，雌兔眼迷離。雙兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌。
《木蘭詩》英語翻譯
The Song of Mulan
One sigh after another,
Mulan sat opposite the door weaving;
But no sound of the shuttle was heard,
Except the sighs of the girl.
When asked what she was pondering over,
When asked what she had called to mind,
Nothing special the girl was pondering over,
Nothing special the girl had called to mind.
"Last night I saw the draft dispatch,
The Khan is mustering a mighty army;
The roster consists of many muster rolls,
And every roll has Father’s name on it.
Father has no grown son,
Nor Mulan an elder brother;
I want to buy a saddle and a horse,
And from now on fight in place of my father."
In the eastern market she bought a fine steed,
In the western market a saddle and a pad,
In the southern market a bridle,
In the northern market a long whip.
At daybreak she bid farewell to her parents,
At sunset she bivouacked by the Yellow River;
What met her ear was no longer her parents’ call,
But the gurgles and splashes of the rushing waters.
At daybreak she left the Yellow River,
At sunset she arrived at the top of the Black Hill;
What met her ear was no longer her parents’ call,
But the Hun horses neighing in the Yanshan Mountains.
On the expedition of thousands of miles to the war,
She dashed across mountains and passes as if in flight;
In the chilly northern air night watches clanged,
In the frosty moonlight mailed coats glistened.
Generals laid down their lives in a hundred battles,
And valiant soldiers returned after ten years in the service.
When she returned to an audience with the Son of Heaven,
The Son of Heaven sat in the Hall of Brightness.
A promotion of many ranks was granted her for her merits,
With a reward that amounted to thousands of strings of cash.
The Khan asked Mulan what she desired to do,
"I don't need any high official position,
Please lend me a sturdy camel that is fleet of foot,
And send me bank to my hometown.
When her parents heard their daughter was coming,
They walked out of the town, each helping the other;
When her elder sister heard the younger sister was coming,
She decked herself out in her best by the door;
When her younger brother heard his elder sister was coming,
He whetted a knife and aimed it at a pig and a sheep.
"I opened the door of my east chamber,
And then sat down on the bed in my west chamber;
Taking off the mailed coat worn in wartime,
I attired myself in my apparel of former times;
By the window I combed and coiffed my cloudy hair,
Before the mirror I adorned my forehead with a yellow pattern."
When she came out to meet her battle companions,
They were all astounded and thrown into bewilderment.
Together they had been in the army for a dozen years or so,
Yet none had ever known that Mulan was actually a girl.
The male rabbit kicks its fluffy feet as it scampers,
The eyes of female rabbit are blurred by fluffy tufts of hair,
But when they run side by side in the field,
You can hardly tell the doe from the buck!
《木蘭詩》賞析
《木蘭詩》是中國南北朝時(shí)期北方的一首長篇敘事民歌，也是一篇樂府詩。記述了木蘭女扮男裝，代父從軍，征戰(zhàn)沙場，凱旋回朝，建功受封，辭官還家的故事，充滿傳奇色彩。
第一段，寫木蘭決定代父從軍。詩以“唧唧復(fù)唧唧”的織機(jī)聲開篇，展現(xiàn)“木蘭當(dāng)戶織”的情景。然后寫木蘭停機(jī)嘆息，無心織布，不禁令人奇怪，引出一問一答，道出木蘭的心事。木蘭之所以“嘆息”，不是因?yàn)閮号男氖�，而是因�(yàn)樘熳诱鞅赣H在被征之列，父親既已年老，家中又無長男，于是決定代父從軍。
第二段，寫木蘭準(zhǔn)備出征和奔赴戰(zhàn)場。“東市買駿馬……”四句排比，寫木蘭緊張地購買戰(zhàn)馬和乘馬用具，表示對(duì)此事的極度重視，只用了兩天就走完了，夸張地表現(xiàn)了木蘭行進(jìn)的神速、軍情的緊迫、心情的急切，使人感到緊張的戰(zhàn)爭氛圍。其中寫“黃河流水鳴濺濺”“燕山胡騎鳴啾啾”之聲，還襯托了木蘭的思親之情。
第三段，概寫木蘭十來年的征戰(zhàn)生活。“萬里赴戎機(jī)，關(guān)山度若飛”，概括上文“旦辭……”八句的內(nèi)容，夸張地描寫了木蘭身跨戰(zhàn)馬，萬里迢迢，奔往戰(zhàn)場，飛越一道道關(guān)口，一座座高山。寒光映照著身上冰冷的鎧甲。“將軍百戰(zhàn)死，壯士十年歸”，概述戰(zhàn)爭曠日持久，戰(zhàn)斗激烈悲壯。將士們十年征戰(zhàn)，歷經(jīng)一次次殘酷的戰(zhàn)斗，有的戰(zhàn)死，有的歸來。而英勇善戰(zhàn)的木蘭，則是有幸生存、勝利歸來的將士中的一個(gè)。
第四段，寫木蘭還朝辭官。先寫木蘭朝見天子，然后寫木蘭功勞之大，天子賞賜之多，再說到木蘭辭官不就，愿意回到自己的故鄉(xiāng)。“木蘭不用尚書郎”而愿“還故鄉(xiāng)”，固然是她對(duì)家園生活的眷念，但也自有秘密在，即她是女兒身。天子不知底里，木蘭不便明言，頗有戲劇意味。
第五段，寫木蘭還鄉(xiāng)與親人團(tuán)聚。先以父母姊弟各自符合身份、性別、年齡的舉動(dòng)，描寫家中的歡樂氣氛，展現(xiàn)濃郁的親情;再以木蘭一連串的行動(dòng)，寫她對(duì)故居的親切感受和對(duì)女兒妝的喜愛，一副天然的女兒情態(tài)，表現(xiàn)她歸來后情不自禁的喜悅;最后作為故事的結(jié)局和全詩的高潮，是恢復(fù)女兒裝束的木蘭與伙伴相見的喜劇場面。
第六段，用比喻作結(jié)。以雙兔在一起奔跑，難辨雌雄的隱喻，對(duì)木蘭女扮男裝、代父從軍多年未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的奧秘加以巧妙的解答，妙趣橫生而又令人回味。
其詩中幾件事的`描繪詳略得當(dāng)，一，二，三，六，七段詳寫木蘭女兒情懷，四，五段略寫戰(zhàn)場上的英雄氣概。從內(nèi)容上突出兒女情懷，豐富英雄性格，是人物形象更真實(shí)感人。結(jié)構(gòu)上使全詩顯得簡潔，緊湊。
這首詩塑造了木蘭這一不朽的人物形象，既富有傳奇色彩，而又真切動(dòng)人。木蘭既是奇女子又是普通人，既是巾幗英雄又是平民少女，既是矯健的勇士又是嬌美的女兒。她勤勞善良又堅(jiān)毅勇敢，淳厚質(zhì)樸又機(jī)敏活潑，熱愛親人又報(bào)效國家，不慕高官厚祿而熱愛和平生活。
這首詩具有濃郁的民歌特色。全詩以“木蘭是女郎”來構(gòu)思木蘭的傳奇故事，富有浪漫色彩。繁簡安排極具匠心，雖然寫的是戰(zhàn)爭題材，但著墨較多的卻是生活場景和兒女情態(tài)，富有生活氣息。詩中以人物問答來刻畫人物心理，生動(dòng)細(xì)致;以眾多的鋪陳排比來描述行為情態(tài)，神氣躍然;以風(fēng)趣的比喻來收束全詩，令人回味。這就使作品具有強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)感染力。
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