初二英語下冊語法總結(jié)
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初二英語下冊語法總結(jié)
Topic1
一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯
( 一 ) 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應(yīng)詞) king
3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety
( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.go on a visit to 去??旅行
2. make the decision 做決定
3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 預(yù)訂
8. come up with 想出(主意)
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付;賠償
11. raise money 籌錢
12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為??訂房間
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝
19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間
20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(軟)臥
21.my pleasure 不客氣
二.重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。 to tell you 是動詞不定式短語， 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的'名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。 go on a visit to 去參觀/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year. 類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩
4.It’s hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語，It 是形式主語。 如： It’s nice to meet you.
5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是： I’ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來，然后我們來決定最好的郊游方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We’re trying to decide on a school.
7.It’s too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠(yuǎn)了。同義句是：It’ too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by??乘??去泰山要花多長時間?
9.How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢?
How much does a standard room cost ? 一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的價格是多少?
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我們的票價是硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。
at 意為“以??”，一般用于表示價格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為“供，適合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預(yù)訂20張硬臥票。 20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 預(yù)訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為??預(yù)訂房間
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預(yù)訂一些14號的房間。
12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請在下午5：30之前付款。 Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國的費(fèi)用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預(yù)訂房間。
make a reservation 預(yù)訂
14. We have rooms with a bathtub? 我們有帶浴缸??的房間。
with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國的學(xué)校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個學(xué)生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎的票。
(1)each 作主語，謂語用單數(shù) Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. (2)用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語，謂語用單數(shù)。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語后，作主語同位語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來信。
Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重點(diǎn)語法
動詞不定式
(1) 動詞不定式常跟這些及物動詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等�？捎庙樋诹�(要想拒絕忘記，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始)
(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
(3) 不定式可以和疑問詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
(4) 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
Topic2
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯：
(一)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：
1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern
3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull
5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded
(二)重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.make a plan 擬定計劃
2. make sure 確信，確保
3. come along with 和??一起來
4. at the foot of 在??的腳下
5. be surprised at 對??感到驚奇
6. be satisfied with 對??感到滿意
7. out of sight 看不見
8. step on one’s toes 踩著某人的腳
9. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布于
11.rush out 沖出去
12.raise one’s head 抬頭
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 謝天謝地
二. 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當(dāng)你在旅行時， 我正忙于準(zhǔn)備考試。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事
I’m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 當(dāng)??時候，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。當(dāng)一個動作在正在進(jìn)行時，另一個動作也同時進(jìn)行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計劃好嗎?
Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細(xì)勘測了整個區(qū)域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山環(huán)繞。
make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It’s about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個半小時。 Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It’s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。
to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位詞+of 表示在某一范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū) Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進(jìn)定陵，對那里的奇觀感到很驚奇。
be surprised at 對??感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.?so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們不得不尋找停自行車的地方
space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
當(dāng)人群從四面八方擠來時，有人踩了他的腳。
in one’s direction 朝著某人的方向 step on one’s toes踩了某人的腳 step on sth 踩某物 Don’t step on the flowers and grass.
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