英語寫作中的成分殘缺錯(cuò)誤
1.他的英語寫得不錯(cuò),,但不擅長英語口語。
誤:His written English is good, but not good at spoken English.
正:His written English is good, but his spoken English is not good.
正:He is good at written English, but not good at spoken English.
析:誤句中 but 后的句子缺適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z,因?yàn)?good at spoken English 的主語應(yīng)是“他”,而不是 his written English。
2.英語很有趣,我的確很喜歡。
誤:English is very interesting, and I really like very much.
正:English is very interesting, and I really like it very much.
析:like 是及物動詞,其后通常應(yīng)有賓語。
3.別怕,我們會幫你的。
誤:Don’t afraid; we’ll help you.
正:Don’t be afraid; we’ll help you.
析:誤句謂語不完整,因?yàn)?afraid 是形容詞,不是動詞,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,必須和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。當(dāng)然,若說成 Don’t fear,則完全可以。
4.住在我隔壁的李明是個(gè)醫(yī)生。
誤:Li Ming, lives next to me, is a doctor.
正:Li Ming, who lives next to me, is a doctor.
正:Li Ming, living next to me, is a doctor.
析:誤句中定語成分不完整。定語從句是一個(gè)完整的句子,當(dāng)先行詞指人且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)要用that或who。也可用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。
5.你介意我問你一個(gè)問題嗎?
誤:Do you mind I ask you a question?
正:Do you mind if I ask you a question?
正:Do you mind my asking you a question?
析:誤句中的主句和從句之間缺少連接詞。也可以用動名詞短語作mind的賓語。
6.他考試及格了使他媽媽很高興。
誤:He passed the exam made his mother very happy.
正:That he passed the exam made his mother very happy.
正:He passed the exam, which made his mother very happy.
析:誤句中的主語應(yīng)該是由主語從句來承擔(dān)的。that引導(dǎo)主語從句,不做成分,無實(shí)際意義,但不能省略。也可以用非限定性定語從句。
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