小學(xué)一般過去時(shí)課件
小學(xué)英語一般過去時(shí)語法詳解
一、概念
表示在的過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時(shí)間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（剛才），just now（剛才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如： I went to bed at eleven last night.昨晚我11：00睡覺。
二、動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律
(一)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式
1、一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed；如：look→looked play→playe d；
2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d；如：live→lived use→used；
3、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed；如：study→studied, try→triedfly→flied
4、以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音＋元音＋輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned；
(二)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式（后附不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表）
1、改變動(dòng)詞中的元音；
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→wonspeak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got
2、變詞尾的–d 為–t ； build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3、與動(dòng)詞原形一樣； cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動(dòng)詞)； say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5、采用不同詞根；sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式變化
�。ㄒ唬┮话氵^去時(shí)的一般疑問句
1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was…？引導(dǎo)的`一般疑問句，肯定答為：Yes，… was. 否定回答為：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…？引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答為：Yes，… were. 否定回答為：No，… weren’t. 如：
�。�1）I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
（2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night.
→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2、在行為動(dòng)詞的句子中，要用助動(dòng)詞詞did來引導(dǎo)，其余的語序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動(dòng)詞的過去式改為原形�？隙ɑ卮馂椋篩es, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t. 如：
John played computer games last night.
→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
（二）一般過去時(shí)的否定句
1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如：（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.
2、在表示過去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的句子中，要在行為動(dòng)詞的前面加助動(dòng)詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動(dòng)詞改為動(dòng)詞原形。即：didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
�。�1）She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.
(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句
1.What did … ?（主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過去式改為動(dòng)詞原形。）
We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?
2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
3.Who + 動(dòng)詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)
Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1、在表示某個(gè)時(shí)間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動(dòng)詞用過式was，were構(gòu)成。如：
�。�1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 （2）We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。
2、在表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成。如：
I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。
3．各種句式
�。�1）一般過去時(shí)的肯定陳述句：
主語 ＋ 動(dòng)詞過去式 ＋ 賓語或表語。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
�。�2）一般過去時(shí)的否定句：
a．主語 ＋ didn’t ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形 ＋ 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b．主語 ＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
�。�3）一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句：
a．Did ＋ 主語 ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形 ＋ 賓語 ？
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b．Was/Were + 主語 ＋ 表語 ？
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
（4）一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句：
a．特殊疑問詞 ＋ did + 主語 ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形 ＋ 賓語？
Where did your parents live five years ago？
What did you do last Sunday？
b．特殊疑問詞 ＋ were/was ＋ 表語？
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
小學(xué)英語一般過去時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案
一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
2.Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So I _______ (get ) up late.
3.Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.
4.There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.
5.I ___________ (call) Mike this morning.
6.I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
7.Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.
8.Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm.
9.My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.
10.She watches TV every evening. But she _______________ (not watch) TV last night.
11.________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year?
12. —What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday?
—We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.
13.What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?
14.Last year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.
15.There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)
16.There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)
17.There _____________ any hospitals (醫(yī)院) in my hometown (家鄉(xiāng)) in 1940. ( be not)
18.There ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?
19.Eli ____________ to Japan last week. ( move)
20. –When _______ you _________ (come) to China? - Last year.
21.Did she ________ (have) supper at home?
22.Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now.
23._________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?
24.How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?
25.It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.
26. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it.
27. He ate some bread and _________ (drink) some milk.
28. ________ he __________ (finish) his homework last night?
29. I__________(be) tired yesterday.
30. I ___________(gain ) Arts degree last year.
31. What _________ you ___________ (do) last night?
32. My grandfather _________ (leave) Hong Kong for New York in 1998.
33. What _______ he ________ (do) yesterday?
34. Last week I _______ (buy) a new bike.
35. He ________ (be) here just now.
36. He __________ (not find ) his key last night.
37. My father __________ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.
38. ________ you ________ (finish) your homework yesterday?
39. I ________ (eat) some eggs and bread this morning.
40. Her mother __________ (not give) the girl any present.
二、改錯(cuò)題
1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________
2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________
4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
5． Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
6． Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________
7． I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________
8． He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________
9． Who find it just now ? ________________________________________
三、按要求變換句型
1. Father bought me a new bike. （同義句）
Father bought _______ _______ ________ ________ me.
2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑問句）
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
3. He’s cleaning his rooms. （劃線提問）________ he _______?
4. Why not go out for a walk? （同義句）
_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?
5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）
Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.
6. My family went to the beach last week. （劃線提問）
________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?
7. I didn’t have any friends. （一般疑問句）
________ _______ have _______ friends?
8. I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句）____________________
9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）
Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.
10. He is a tall, thin boy. （劃線提問）
_______ _______ he _______ ________?
四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換
They read English last night.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑問句：________________________________________
肯定/否定回答：____________________________________
對劃線部分提問：____________________________________
【參考答案】
一、
1.came 2. didn’t go got 3. read 4. was 5. called 6.heard 7.began 8.picked 9.didn’t do 10.didn’t watch 11. Did go 12.did get got 13. made 14. told 15.was 16. were 17.weren’t 18.was 19.moved 20.did come21.have 22.didn’t clean 23.Was 24.were 25.was were 26.was had 27.drank 28.Did finish 29.was 30.gained 31.did do 32.left 33.did do 34.bought 35.was 36.didn’t find 37.drank 38.Did finish 39.ate 40.didn’t give
二、1.is--was 2.go--went 3.goes--went 4.can--could 5.saw--see 6.watch--watching 7.didn't 后加上 do
8.waited 9.find--found
三、
1.a new bike to
2.did read 3.What's doing 4.Why don't you 5.didn't spend 6.Where were my going
7.Did I any 8.I don't think she is Lily's sister. 9.doesn't do 10.How does look like
8.They didn't read English last night.
四、
Did they read English last night?
Yes,they did./No,they didn't.
What did they do last night?
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