議論文中心段落的主題句及其論據(jù)
一篇議論文能否獲得高分與其中心段落主題句的質(zhì)量不無關(guān)聯(lián),而主題句質(zhì)量的高低則又取決于審題的好壞和論據(jù)的選擇(即所選的論據(jù)在邏輯性、說理性、準(zhǔn)確性及與主題內(nèi)容的關(guān)聯(lián)性等方面是否都經(jīng)得起推敲)。需要明確的是,中心段落只應(yīng)有兩個(gè)組成部分:段落的主題句和支持主題句的論據(jù)。
段落的主題句也應(yīng)有兩個(gè)部分組成,即:主題句=主題+作者對(duì)主題的看法或態(tài)度,兩者缺一不可。假設(shè)應(yīng)試者被要求寫一篇有關(guān)吸煙的議論文,那么 SMOKING 就是中心段落的主題。請(qǐng)看下面這個(gè)主題句:
Smoking is a habit of many men.
該主題句暴露出兩個(gè)問題:(1)作者審題不清;(2)作者沒有表明對(duì)主題的看法或態(tài)度。
一般說來,議論文要求應(yīng)試者闡明自己對(duì)某問題的看法或態(tài)度。因此當(dāng)我們拿到議論文的題目以后,要認(rèn)真審題,權(quán)衡某事的利與弊,然后確定我們的立場(chǎng)。
如何構(gòu)建段落的主題句呢?
拿到議論文的題目以后,經(jīng)認(rèn)真審題后,用英文列出你所能想起的與主題有關(guān)的例證。我們還用吸煙這個(gè)話題為例:
SMOKING
1. Smoking can cause such a disease as lung cancer.
2. Reports say that merely 3 grams of nicotine can kill a large animal.
3. Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one’s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is even more hazardous.
4. Smoking after a meal can also disturb one’s digestive system.
5. Heavy smoking can seriously affect an adult’s sexuality.
6. Smoking does harm to second-hand smokers as well.
7. Smoking makes one’s mouth smell.
8. The life expectancy of smokers is shorter than that of nonsmokers.
9. Smoking in bed may cause fire..
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