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新概念課程Lesson21講解和譯文
Lesson 21 William S. Hart and the early 'Western' film威廉.S. 哈特和早期限的‘西部’影片
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How did William Hart's childhood prepare him for his acting role in Western films?
William S. hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental-noble outlaw, or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.
Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually knew something of the old West. He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier. And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.
Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos. Hart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.
Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple. We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by.
【參考譯文】
威廉.S.哈特大概是美國西部電影明星中的佼佼者。他和加里.古柏、約翰.韋恩不同，他只在西部電影中扮演角色。在1914年至1924年期間，他首屈一指，獨霸影壇。正是他創(chuàng)造了西部電影的基調(diào)，即在他自己的拍攝的影片中他所塑造的主人公形象：被認(rèn)為是壞人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，誠實卻遭陷害的牛仔或因流言蜚語蒙受嫌疑的司法官�？傊魅斯且粋�自相矛盾，又與他的拓荒環(huán)境相矛盾的人物。
哈特與大部分同時代在好萊塢的演員不同，他確實了解西部早期拓荒生活的一些情況。作為一個孩子他曾在西部生活過，當(dāng)時西部拓荒生活正在消失。他塑造的英雄人物深深地扎根于他本人的記憶和經(jīng)歷之中，也扎根于有關(guān)已經(jīng)消失的拓荒生活的歷史和神話之中。雖然在美國歷史上沒有任何時期或地區(qū)像西部拓荒時期那樣被荒謬地浪漫主義化了，但神話和事實至少在某一個舞臺上共存，也就是存在于個人與漸漸闖入的文明這兩者的沖突之中。
習(xí)慣與大自然和印第安人作斗爭以求生存的拓荒者被政客、銀行家和商人搞得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向，最后被圈地、尖律我外來的清規(guī)戒律所擊敗。哈特扮演的被誤為壞人的好人總是一個局外人，總是一個被剝奪繼承權(quán)的人。如果他認(rèn)為在進行過程中有必要槍擊一個司法官或搶劫一個銀行，他的早期觀眾很容易接受，覺得應(yīng)該原諒他，特別是當(dāng)哈特最后戰(zhàn)勝了前來進攻的印第安人時，觀眾更能原諒他。
生活在20世紀(jì)20年代的觀眾認(rèn)為，逃到一個即使艱苦但比較簡樸的時代中去是件愉快的事，我們今天仍有這種感覺。如今，不宣而戰(zhàn)的侵略、戰(zhàn)爭、虛偽、詐騙、無政府狀態(tài)以及即將臨頭的毀滅成了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠�，我們都希望有一個賴以生存的行為準(zhǔn)則。
1.Supreme adj.首屈一指
2.protagonist n.主角
3.outlaw n.逃犯，亡命之徒
4.framed adj.遭到陷害的
5.vicious adj.惡毒的
例句：The drunkard led a vicious life.
這個醉漢過著墮落的生活。
6.mythology n.神話
7.vanished adj.消失了的
8.absurdly adv.荒誕地
例句：The paintings were sold for absurdly high prices.
那些畫以高得出奇的價格售出。
9.arena n.競技場在
10.encroaching adj.漸漸滲入的
例句：The sea is encroaching upon the land.
海水侵蝕著陸地。
11.Indian n.印第安人
12.bewilder v.使手足無措
例句：The big city bewildered the old woman from the countryside.
大城市把鄉(xiāng)下來的老奶奶弄糊涂了。
13.alien adj.外來的
例句：Orange trees are alien to China.
橘子樹是從外國傳入中國的。
14.taboo n.戒律
15.disinherit v.剝奪...繼承權(quán)
例句：John's father threatened to disinherit him if he married beneath himself.
約翰的父親威脅約翰說，如果他同地位低的女子結(jié)婚，就要剝奪他的繼承權(quán)。
16.undeclared adj.未經(jīng)宣布的
17.hypocrisy n.偽善
例句：Her remarks savour of hypocrisy.
她說的話聽起來有點兒虛偽。
18.chicanery n.詐騙
19.impending adj.迫近的，近在眉睫的
例句：Against a background of impending famine, heavy fighting took place.
即將發(fā)生饑荒之時，嚴(yán)重的戰(zhàn)亂爆發(fā)了。
20.immolation n.殺戮
21.code n.準(zhǔn)則
1.William S. hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.
nothing but除了…什么也不,只有,不外乎
She will eat nothing But salad.
她只吃沙拉。
Don't scold her; she's nothing but a child.
不要責(zé)罵她;她只不過是個孩子。
2.It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-had man, the accidental-noble outlaw, or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip.
it強調(diào)句型，詳細(xì)請見語法部分。
3.In short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.
in short簡而言之, 總之
例句：In short, we must be prepared.
總而言之, 我們要有準(zhǔn)備。
in conflict with和...沖突
例句：It is a statement in conflict with other evidence.
這一陳述與其他證詞不一致。
4.And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.
at least至少,起碼,無論如何
例句：They can put up at least 6 people for the night at a pinch.
必要時他們至少可以留宿六個人。
no has been more用比較級表示最高級
5.his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.
in the end最后, 結(jié)果
例句：In the end their army was beaten.
最后他們的軍隊被打敗了。
一、強調(diào)句型的用法
在英語中，我們常用It is／was… who/that結(jié)構(gòu)來突出強調(diào)句子的某一成分(一般是句子中主語，賓語或狀語)。在這個句型中，it沒有詞匯意義，只是引出被強調(diào)的成分。如果被強調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞，用who或that來連接都可以。如果是其它成分，則一律用that來連接。
E.g. It is my mother who／that cooks every day.
E.g. It was yesterday that Tom passed in the maths exam．
二、使用本句型的幾個注意事項
1．被強調(diào)成分是主語，who／that之后的謂語動詞應(yīng)該在人稱和數(shù)上與原句中的主語保持一致。
e.g. It is I who am right．
e.g. It is he who is wrong．
e.g. It is the students who are lovely．
2．即使被強調(diào)成分是句子中的時間狀語，地點狀語，原因狀語等，也不能用when，where, because，要用 that。
E.g. It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again .
E.g. It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed．
E.g. It was because of the heavy rain that he came late．
3．如果被強調(diào)的成分有同位語，同位語也應(yīng)提前。
It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class．
4．被強調(diào)成分是作主語的代詞，用主格，是作賓語的代詞，用賓格
It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday.
5．被強調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who
lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．
三、區(qū)分定語從句和強調(diào)句型某些定語從句和強調(diào)句型形式差不多，容易混淆。如果去掉it is／ was ...that句子仍然通順成立，則為強調(diào)句型，不成立不通順，則為定語從句。
E.g. It was three years ago that he went to American for a further study·去掉It was that句子為Three years ago he went to America for a further study．句子通順，意思完整，那么，這就是一個強調(diào)句型。
1.It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film,and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made,the good-bad man, the accidental-noble outlaw,or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip.
正是他創(chuàng)造了西部電影的基調(diào)，即在他自己的拍攝的影片中他所塑造的主人公形象：被認(rèn)為是壞人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，誠實卻遭陷害的牛仔或因流言蜚語蒙受嫌疑的司法官。
2.He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing,and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences,and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier.
作為一個孩子他曾在西部生活過，當(dāng)時西部拓荒生活正在消失。他塑造的英雄人物深深地扎根于他本人的記憶和經(jīng)歷之中，也扎根于有關(guān)已經(jīng)消失的拓荒生活的歷史和神話之中。
3.Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen,and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.
習(xí)慣與大自然和印第安人作斗爭以求生存的拓荒者被政客、銀行家和商人搞得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向，最后被圈地、尖律我外來的清規(guī)戒律所擊敗。
4. living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives,e all want a code to live by.
如今，不宣而戰(zhàn)的侵略、戰(zhàn)爭、虛偽、詐騙、無政府狀態(tài)以及即將臨頭的毀滅成了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠�，我們都希望有一個賴以生存的行為準(zhǔn)則。
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