詞匯試題的命題規(guī)律和答題技巧
一、解釋參照法：利用句中的釋義推導(dǎo)
此種方法的依據(jù)是詞匯題的題干中一部分詞是對(duì)另一部分詞匯意思的解釋。
1. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at ______ chemists.(1997年6月CET4)
A) each B) some C) certain D) any
正確選項(xiàng)為D)。本題中前一句中的everywhere就決定了第二句中的空格處填(at) any (chemists)。
2. The manager spoke highly of _______such as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.(1998年1月CET4)
A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics
正確選項(xiàng)為A)。本句中as后面的名詞loyalty(忠誠(chéng))，courage(勇氣)to truthfulness(實(shí)事求是)是對(duì)空格處名詞進(jìn)行的解釋。本句中的三個(gè)名詞歸納起來(lái)都屬于人應(yīng)當(dāng)具有的"美德"，所以本題的答案為A)。
3. I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter. Dont _______ anything.(1991年1月CET4)
A) lack B) withdraw C) omit D) leak
正確選項(xiàng)為C)。前邊的I hope that youll be more careful決定的后邊的要填C)項(xiàng)omit,意思是"遺漏"。
二、因果參照法：利用句中的因果關(guān)系推導(dǎo)
這種方法的依據(jù)是題干中的分句之間存在的因果關(guān)系。
1. Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant ______ so much noise.(1997年1月CET4)
A) resist B) sustain C) tolerate D) undergo
正確選項(xiàng)為C)。本句從dont like…，推出后邊的cant tolerate，表示"不能容忍"的意思。
2. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many _______ references.(1997年1月CET6)
A) obscure B) acute C) notable D) objective
正確選項(xiàng)為A)。通過(guò)結(jié)果"difficult to understand"推出正確項(xiàng)"obscure"，意思是"含糊難解的"。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：B)敏銳，劇烈的；C)顯著的，明顯的；D)客觀的。
3. Being somewhat shortsighted, she had the habit of ______ at people.(1997年1月CET6)
A) glancing B) peering C) gazing D) scanning
正確選項(xiàng)為C)。通過(guò)原因"short sighted"推出正確選項(xiàng)C) gazing，意思是"凝視，盯著"。
4.Since the matter was _____ extremely，we dealt with it immediately.(1998年1月CET4)
A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant
正確選項(xiàng)為C)。后半句中的副詞"immediately"可以推出前半句的"urgent"(迫切的，緊急的)。
5. The shy girl felt _______ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teachers questions.(1998年6月CET4)
A) amazed B) awkward C) curious D) amused
正確選項(xiàng)為B)。句中and后邊的uncomfortable 是空白處所填入詞的近義詞，所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有awkward(尷尬的'，難堪的)與uncomfortable意思相近。
三、轉(zhuǎn)折參照法：利用句中的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推導(dǎo)
這種方法的依據(jù)是題干中存在的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。做題時(shí)可以通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折詞來(lái)確定選項(xiàng)，也可以通過(guò)句中詞來(lái)確定選項(xiàng)中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞。
1. Even though he was guilty, the _____ judge did not send him to prison.(1997年1月CET6)
A) merciful B) impartial C) conscientious D) conspicuous
正確選項(xiàng)為A)。有罪而沒(méi)有被判刑，表明法官是一個(gè)"仁慈"的人。所以A)項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)的意思分別是：B) 正直的、公正的；C) 有良心的；D) 顯著的。
2._______their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.(1998年1月CET4)
A) But for B) For all C) Above all D) Except for
正確選項(xiàng)為B)。句中的their differences, obvious and genuine affection可確定選項(xiàng)中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞只能是for all，意思是"盡管"。
3. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _______.(1997年6月CET6)
A) scarcity(21%) B) minority(43%) C)minimum D) shortage(23%)
正確選項(xiàng)為B)。通過(guò)most…but…可確定本題的正確選項(xiàng)為B)，與most相對(duì)，表達(dá)"少數(shù)"的意思。
四、對(duì)比比較參照法：利用句中的反義或?qū)Ρ韧茖?dǎo)
此種方法是通過(guò)句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞、或反義詞、或?qū)Ρ仍~來(lái)確定選項(xiàng)。
1. These goods are _____ for export, though a few of them may be sold onthe home market.(1998年6月CET4)
A) essentially B) completely C) necessarily D) remarkably
正確選項(xiàng)為A)。通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折詞though和對(duì)比詞export與home market以及a few可確定選項(xiàng)為A)，意思是"基本上"。其他三項(xiàng)都不符合句意。
2. Mr. Morgan can be very sad _______ , though in public he is extremely cheerful.(1997年1月CET4)
A) by himself B) in person C) in private D) as individual
正確選項(xiàng)為C)。通過(guò)后半句的轉(zhuǎn)折詞though和對(duì)比詞in public…cheerful來(lái)確定sad in private，意思是"私下里"。
3. Why should anyone want to read _______ of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals?
(97年6月-CET6)
A) themes B) insights C) digests D) leaflets
正確選項(xiàng)為C)。這里originals(原著)與空格處的詞相對(duì)，所以空格處的詞意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是"文摘，摘錄"，顯然，只有C)項(xiàng)為正確選擇。
4. I think she hurt my feelings ________ rather than by accident as she claimed.(1997年1月CET6)
A) virtually B) deliberately C) ;literally D) appropriately
正確選項(xiàng)為B)。ranther than表明了by accident與空格處意思相對(duì)。by accident的意思是"偶然地，不經(jīng)意地"，與此相對(duì)的應(yīng)當(dāng)是deliberately，"故意地"。
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