初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)15篇(薦)
總結(jié)是事后對某一階段的學(xué)習(xí)、工作或其完成情況加以回顧和分析的一種書面材料,它可以提升我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的能力,讓我們抽出時(shí)間寫寫總結(jié)吧。那么總結(jié)應(yīng)該包括什么內(nèi)容呢?以下是小編收集整理的初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1
作狀語,作定語,作表語,作賓補(bǔ)
1.副詞的排列順序
1)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位在前,大單位在后
2)方式副詞,短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。
3)多個(gè)不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞
注意:副詞very可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞
副詞enough要放在形容詞或副詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
2副詞比較等級
其變化規(guī)則與形容詞比較等級變化規(guī)則相同。 但副詞的'最高級前一般不加定冠詞the.
3辨析:
1)how long, how soon, how ofen, how far
how long: “多久,多長時(shí)間”,對一個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)間段提問,常對“for+時(shí)間段”和“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”進(jìn)行提問。
how soon: “多快,多久以后”,對一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作提問,用于一般將來時(shí)的句子中,常對“in+時(shí)間段”進(jìn)行提問。
how often: “多長時(shí)間一次”,對頻率提問,常對“once,twice,three times a week”等提問。 how far: “多遠(yuǎn)”,對距離提問。
2)hard和hardly
hard “努力地,辛苦地,劇烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副詞。 hardly :“幾乎不”,是否定副詞。
3)much too 和too much
much too “非常,極其,太” 修飾形容詞或副詞原級 too much “太多” 修飾不可數(shù)名詞
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)2
1、語法是框架基礎(chǔ)
初中英語是每位同學(xué)開始系統(tǒng)性的學(xué)習(xí)語法的重要過渡階段,大家千萬不要忽略此時(shí)所打下的語法基礎(chǔ)。
在課堂上要聚精會(huì)神地聽老師講課,抓住每一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)。并且在課堂上要養(yǎng)成記筆記的習(xí)慣,每一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)當(dāng)中的小知識(shí)都要記在你的語法筆記本上,便于考前的總結(jié)和復(fù)習(xí)。
在平日的練習(xí)中,也要學(xué)會(huì)加強(qiáng)自己對語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí),例如可以多做一些相關(guān)類的語法題,或者分析文章中的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。
2、文章是學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)鍵
課本中的每一篇文章,都可能成為考試中的關(guān)鍵,所以大家在學(xué)習(xí)課本內(nèi)容時(shí)一定要格外地用心。課后不妨有選擇性地將課本中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容背誦下來,因?yàn)樵谧畛鯇W(xué)習(xí)英語的時(shí)候,同學(xué)們可能還沒有形成一種比較有效的學(xué)習(xí)方式,這時(shí),背誦就是你最好的選擇了,這不僅能夠培養(yǎng)你的語感,還能了解到句子分析及文章結(jié)構(gòu)等其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)你把課本上的文章都掌握了后,還可以選擇課外讀物來提高自己的閱讀量。
3、寫作動(dòng)筆才能進(jìn)步
初中英語寫作的'難度相對而言不算很高,最有效地提高自己寫作分?jǐn)?shù)的方式就是親自動(dòng)筆操練。
在日常英語練習(xí)的過程中,只有動(dòng)筆寫才能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的句子中的語法錯(cuò)誤,所以寫作僅在心里想要怎么寫是不對的,一定要學(xué)會(huì)動(dòng)筆寫。并且在寫作的過程中,可以靈活運(yùn)用一些模板,這樣不僅能夠節(jié)省寫作思考的時(shí)間,還能讓你文章的結(jié)構(gòu)逐漸變得更加有邏輯性。
4、聽力堅(jiān)持才有效果
學(xué)習(xí)英語,聽力都是必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)之一。不管是哪個(gè)階段的英語聽力,想要提高都需要長期堅(jiān)持地練習(xí)。在聽力練習(xí)的過程中,如果有哪一句沒有聽清楚的話,在第二遍聽的時(shí)候一定要格外地注意。如若好幾遍都聽不清內(nèi)容的話,建議看完文本后再聽一遍。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)3
01、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
時(shí)間狀語:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問句:①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。
02、一般過去時(shí)
概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1988, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
03、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
時(shí)間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
04、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
時(shí)間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。
基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。
05、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑問句:have或has。
06、過去完成時(shí)
概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的`動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
時(shí)間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑問句:had放于句首。
07、一般將來時(shí)
概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
08、過去將來時(shí)
概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
時(shí)間狀語:
the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)4
一,表示并列關(guān)系的連詞有:
and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also,as well as
1.a(chǎn)nd“和,并且”,連接對等的詞句。(在否定句中要用or連接。)
I like physics and chemistry.我喜歡物理和化學(xué)。
I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜歡物理和化學(xué)。
2.both…and“……和……都”
Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和瑪麗都去看電影了。
Exercise is good both for body and for mind.運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于身心。
3.neither…nor兩者皆不
He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽煙又不喝酒。
I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜歡游泳,又不喜歡溜冰。
4.either…or不是…就是…,或者…或者….。
Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.
你要么現(xiàn)在到辦公室來,要么就在家等著。
Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我將要離開。
5.not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)
Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她錯(cuò)了,我也錯(cuò)了。
He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不僅許諾,而且做到了。
6.a(chǎn)s well as也、又
We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你,我們還要營救亨利。
He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球,他還喜歡籃球。
二、常用的從屬連詞:
。ㄒ唬┮龑(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有:when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as
1.when當(dāng)……時(shí)
When we got there,the meeting had begun.我們到時(shí),會(huì)議已經(jīng)開始了。
It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到達(dá)車站時(shí),正在下雨。588.es
2.while正當(dāng)……時(shí),正在……時(shí)。(while引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,且常常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
Don’t make any noise while others are reading.別人讀書時(shí)不要制造噪音。
She sang while she was walking.她邊走邊唱。
3.since自從
It’s just a month since we arrived here.我們到這兒剛好一月了。
My mother has been ill since I left home.自從我離開家我媽媽就一直生病。
4.until直到……為止
Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告訴我之前,我對此之外無所知。
He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到會(huì)議開始他才露面。
5.before在……之前
after在……之后
I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到達(dá)之后給你打電話。
Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要說再見。
6.a(chǎn)s soon as一……就
I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回來就去拜訪你。
Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看見他就請告訴他。
。ǘ┮龑(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞:because,since,as,for,now that
1.because因?yàn)?because與so不能并用。)
I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他,因?yàn)樗徽\實(shí)。
She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她沒有來,因?yàn)樗恢馈?/p>
2.since既然
Since he says so,it must be true.既然他這么說,那一定是真的。
Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然問,我就告訴你。
3.a(chǎn)s因?yàn),由?/p>
As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家餓了,我們就吃晚飯吧。
Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
由于天越來越黑,媽媽開始為哥哥著急。
4.for因?yàn)?/p>
We can't go for it is raining.我們不能走,因?yàn)檎谙掠辍?/p>
I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.
我在晚會(huì)上玩得很盡興,因?yàn)樗械?個(gè)人我都很熟悉。
5.now that既然
Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高興,我們就讓他自己呆著吧。
Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔,就請?jiān)徦伞?/p>
。ㄈ┮龑(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句:so…that,such…that
1.so…that如此……以致
She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了,不能再走了。
She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.這貓?zhí)罅算@不進(jìn)這洞。
2.such…that如此……以致
It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.這地方太美了,令我留戀返。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
天氣這么好,許多人都到公園里來玩樂。
(四)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞:so that,in order that以便
They hurried so that they can get there on time.他們加快了速度,為的是能夠按時(shí)到達(dá)。
I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.為了去釣魚,我租了條小船。
(五)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞:than,as…as
He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。
She could draw as well as her teacher.她能畫得跟她的老師一樣好。
。┮龑(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞:though,although(though與although的用法基本一樣)
Although it rained hard,he still went out.盡管雨下得很大,他還是出去了。
Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.
盡管我有時(shí)間,可我并不想跟他去那。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)5
1.should可表示惋惜、憂慮、歡欣、驚訝等感情色彩以及婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣。
Its a pity that she leave so soon. 很可惜,她很快就要離開了。(惋惜)
They were worried that their motherland should be in such great
danger.他們因祖國處在如此巨大的危險(xiǎn)中而感到憂慮。(憂慮)
It is unbelievable that my brother should be working so
hard.難以置信,我弟弟工作竟然如此努力。(驚訝)
I should think your answer is correct. 我想你的答案該是對的吧。(婉轉(zhuǎn))
2.would可用于委婉的陳述、客氣的請求和委婉的`建議。
I don’t think he would be so careless. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)那么粗心。
Would you like to come to my birthday party? 你想來參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎?
3.dare可表示“膽敢”。
I dare not say such rude things.我不敢說粗話。
4.need可表示“需要”。
Need I finish the task this afternoon? 我今天下午要完成任務(wù)嗎?
Tom, you needn’t worry too much. 湯姆,沒必要這么擔(dān)心。
這里借用一下網(wǎng)友總結(jié)的記憶口訣:
動(dòng)詞原形接后面,說話語氣較委婉。
can 能力may許可,must責(zé)任或義務(wù)。
否定回答needn’t換,需要need, dare敢。
should應(yīng)該,would愿,have to被迫表客觀。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞雖然數(shù)量有限,但用法廣泛。清楚所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的表示意義,對英語遣詞造句具有非常重要的作用。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)6
不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)
動(dòng)詞不定式指通常由to加上動(dòng)詞原形(如to write)所構(gòu)成的一種非限定性動(dòng)詞形式,但在有些情況下to可以省略。
動(dòng)詞不定式有進(jìn)行體和完成體(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被動(dòng)態(tài)(如to be written),所有的主動(dòng)詞,不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞,也不論是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞還是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,都有不定式形式。助動(dòng)詞除be和have外,沒有不定式形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。
不定式的.用法
1)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語
Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.
在上述情況下,如果不定式較長,顯得頭重腳輕,則可由代詞讓作形式主語(形式主語it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替),而將不定式放到后面。如It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.
不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的,即不定式的邏輯主語,通常可以通過for sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.
在某些形容詞(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表語時(shí),不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
2)不定式作賓語
不定式作賓語有兩種一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式,另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。
及物動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu):只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞,常見的有:afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。
He managed to solve the complicated problem.The stranger offered to show me the way.Mr.Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.
動(dòng)詞+疑問代(副)詞+不定式這類動(dòng)詞常見的有advise,decide,find out,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英語語法總結(jié),remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。
常見的疑問代(副)詞有:what,when,where,which,how,whether等。
He does not know when to start.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.
I will show you how to deal with it.
有時(shí),不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)動(dòng)詞(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容詞+不定式。She considers it necessary to make friends with him.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)7
冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a(an)和定冠詞the兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者,表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思,在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。
I不定冠詞
We need an apple and a knife.
我們需要一個(gè)蘋果和一把刀子。
1.a和an的區(qū)別
不定冠詞有a[+]和an[+Q]兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的'詞前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。
a boy, a university, a European country
u是元音字母,但發(fā)音是[U(],是輔音。
an hour,an honor,an island
h是輔音字母,但它不發(fā)音,它的音標(biāo)是是元音。
an elephant,an umbrella,an egg
2(1)不定冠詞的用法
、俜褐浮惾嘶蛭。
eg. This is a pencil case.
②指不具體的某個(gè)人或物。
eg. I met an old man On my way home.
、塾迷谛驍(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.
eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.
、鼙硎尽懊俊(個(gè))”,相當(dāng)于every.
eg. They have music lessons twice a week.
必背!
give a lesson take a bath have a rest
教(一堂)課洗(個(gè))澡休息
have a talk have a fever have a good time
聽報(bào)告發(fā)燒過得愉快
have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip
散步頭疼旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo
(2)不定冠詞的位置
①不定冠詞—般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。
eg, a bike, an egg
、诋(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時(shí),不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
③當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so, how, too等詞時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
、墚(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時(shí),不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story.
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)8
一、need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),可用于各種句式。
1、用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要來嗎? --需要。 You neednt telephone him now.你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。
I dont think you need worry.我想你不必發(fā)愁。
She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一個(gè)人出去。
How dare you say Im unfair?你竟敢說我不公平?
Not one of them dared mention this.他們誰也不敢提這件事。
2、用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
You dont need to do it yourself.你不必親自做這件事。
We need to tell them the news.我們需要把這消息告訴他們。
The table needs painting (to be painted.).桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion.我們要敢于提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
He did not dare (to) look up.他不敢抬頭看。
I dare day hell come again.我想他會(huì)再來的'。(I dare say…為固定習(xí)語)
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完完成這項(xiàng)工作的。
He isnt here. He must have missed the train.他還未到,一定是沒趕上火車。 Where can (could) he gone?他能到那里去了呢?
You may (might) have read about it.你可能在報(bào)上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。 You could (might) have been more careful.你本來可以更細(xì)心的。
He neednt have worried it.他本不必為此事?lián)摹?/p>
There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you?昨天的聚會(huì)非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來,為何不來呢?
三、動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟著他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。
四、 this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this,距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower.這是一朵花。(近處)
That is a tree.那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)
(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說this,后說that。如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is…,不說That is…。如:
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.這是海倫。海倫,這是湯姆。
(5)This is不能縮寫,而That is可以縮寫。如:
This is a bike. That’s a car.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this,詢問對方用that。如:
—Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐嗎?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是誰?
注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí),要用it代替this或that。如:
、佟狪s this a notebook?這是筆記本嗎?
—Yes, it is.是的,它是。
、凇猈hat’s that?那是什么?
—It’s a kite.是只風(fēng)箏。
五、these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。
、賂his is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.這是我的'床。那是莉莉的床。
、赥hese pictures are good.那些畫很好。
③ Are those apple trees?那些是蘋果樹嗎?
在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如:
Are these/those your apples?這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?
Yes, they are.是的,他們是。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)9
如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加上了ing變成了名詞,那么這個(gè)詞稱動(dòng)名詞。 由于動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來,它仍保留著動(dòng)詞的某些特征,具有動(dòng)詞的某些變化形式,用以表達(dá)名詞所不能表達(dá)的較為復(fù)雜的意念。動(dòng)名詞的名詞特征表現(xiàn)在它可在句子中當(dāng)名詞來用,作主語、賓語、表語、定語。它也可以被副詞修飾或者支配賓語。
動(dòng)名詞的作用
1、作主語
1)、 直接位于句首做主語。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2)、 用 it 作形式主語,把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。 動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí),不太常用 it 作先行主語,多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.
3)、動(dòng)名詞作主語與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的比較:動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作,不定式多用來表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較: Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.
2、作表語
動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系,表示主語的內(nèi)容,主語、表語可互換位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
3、作定語
動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如: a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 。
4、作賓語
例:We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。
5、有些詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞 ,不能跟不定式。 allow;avoid; celebrate; consider; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; imagine; keep; it means;mind; miss; practice; prevent;等
6、另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用短語。 spend money/time; think of, give up, put off, insist on, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to,
7、 有些詞后面加不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可,例如:remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop,regret,, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意義截然不容。 例: like doing sth 表經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作like to do sth表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作;
stop doing sth,停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停下來做另外一件事; remember,forget,regret的.不定時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)指后于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞的ing形式則先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作 remember to do/doing: ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未來/過去未來將要做的動(dòng)作) ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我記得做過這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
try to(努力)與try +–ing(試驗(yàn)): ①I tried not to go there.(我設(shè)法不去那里)
、贗 tried doing it again.(我試著又干了一次);go on to do sth繼續(xù)做某事(不是同一件事), go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事(同一件事);
常見考法
對于動(dòng)名詞的考查,在單項(xiàng)和詞語運(yùn)用中出現(xiàn)的較多,常?嫉揭恍﹦(dòng)名詞的固定用法。
典型例題:Do you mind_________ me with my work.?
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
解析:本題考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。Mind后跟動(dòng)名詞,表示“介意做某事”,不可以跟不定式。
答案:C
誤區(qū)提醒
有些詞后面加不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可,但意義截然不容,那幾個(gè)詞以及兩種句型的不同之處必須牢記在心,因?yàn)檫@是我們經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)的地方。
典型例題:Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.
A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning
解析:本題考查forget加不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。Forget to do表示“忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事”,事情已經(jīng)做過; forget doing表示“忘記去做某事”,事情還沒做。根據(jù)語境“當(dāng)你見到John 的時(shí)候,別忘記把這本書給他”,可知事情還沒做,應(yīng)該用不定式。
答案:A
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)10
1、時(shí)間狀語從句:引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有when/while/as/as soon as/until/not…untill/before/after/since等。
例如:
When you leave,please take a raincoat with you.
As soon as she got home,she began to make dinner.
注意:
(1)while意為“當(dāng)…期間”,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
例如:
Take notes while you are listening to the teacher.
(2)while側(cè)重主句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)與從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的對比,常譯為“而”。
例如:
He is a worker while I am a student.
(3)not…until,直到……才,主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞而且主句是否定式,從句為肯定式。
例如:
He did not go to bed until his mother came.
(4)在時(shí)間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。
例如:
Mr smith will telephone you when he returns.
2、原因狀語從句:引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有:because/as/since等。
例如:
His sister is in bed because she is ill.
注意:含原因狀語從句的復(fù)合句,有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為用so連接的并列句,故because和so不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中。
例如:
He did not come here because he was busy.
He was busy,so he did not come here.
3、地點(diǎn)狀語從句:引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有where或wherever.
例如:
Where there is no air or water,noboday can live.
4、條件狀語從句:引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有if/unless等。
(1)在含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,主句謂語部分通常含有will/shall或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)。
例如:
We will go for a picnic if it dose not rain tomorrow.
(2)if……not常譯作“如果不…”,相當(dāng)于unless,unless含有否定意義,譯作“假如不”,“除非”。
例如:
例如:
You will fail if you do not work hard.
You will fail unless you work hard.
(3)用if改寫“祈使句+and+簡單句”這一句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的祈使句時(shí),要在祈使句前加if you,并去掉并列連詞and.
例如:
Study hard,and you will catch up with us.
If you study hard,you will catch up with us.
(4)用if……not改寫“祈使句+or+簡單句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的祈使句時(shí),要變祈使句為否定的條件狀語從句,并去掉or.
例如:
Hurry,or you won′t catch the bus.
If you study hard ,you will catch up with us.
5、目的和結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句:引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有so that;引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有so …that…,such…that….
(1)so是副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞。
So +adj/adv+that
例如:the shoes are so small that I can not wear them.
(2)such是形容詞,修飾名詞。
Such+a/an+adj+n(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))+that…
Such+adj+n(不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))+that…
例如:
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.可改為:she is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
(3)如果名詞前是表示多少的'many/much/few/little等詞時(shí)要用so.
例如:
I have so much money that we all like her.
(4)so …that的主從復(fù)合句在轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句時(shí),可選用下列四種結(jié)構(gòu)。
Too…to do sth too…for sb to do
…enough to do sth enough for sb to do
例如:
Tom is so young that he can not join the army.
Tom is too young to join the army./tom is not old enough to jion the army.
The milk is so cool that we can drink it.
The milk is cool enough for us to drink.
6、比較狀語從句:引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有as…as,than等。
(1)表示甲乙在某一個(gè)方面相同時(shí),用as+形容詞/副詞原級+as結(jié)構(gòu),表示甲在某一個(gè)方面不如乙時(shí),用“not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
John is as clever as tom.
He dose not run as/so fast as you .
(2)表示甲程度高于乙時(shí),用“形容詞、副詞的比較級+than引導(dǎo)的”從句結(jié)構(gòu)。
He si taller than I .
(3)兩個(gè)比較對象要對等,即“應(yīng)是句子中的同等成分進(jìn)行比較”。
例如:
The weather in south is always hotter than that in north.
7、讓步狀語從句:引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有though,although等。
例如:
They kept working on the farm though it was raining hard.=it was raining hard,but they kept working on the farm.
注意:though/although不能與并列連詞but同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)11
I.要點(diǎn)
表示說的話不是事實(shí),或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況,而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。
1、虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成
如:與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German.)
If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.) If they didn’t take physical eXercises every day, they
wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical eXercises every day, so they are very healthy.)
與過去事實(shí)相反:
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s eXamination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s eXam, so I didn’t check my paper again) You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness ) 與將來事實(shí)相反:
If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.) If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.) If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our eXpectation.) If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞用were to +動(dòng)詞原形,表示下雨的可能性極小。Were to rain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外”,但were to加強(qiáng)表示“當(dāng)初沒想到以后的事”)
注:
((1)如果條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞包含有were或had, should, could
有時(shí)可將if省去,但要倒裝。如:
Had you (If you had)invited us, we would have come to your party.
(2)混合時(shí)間條件句的用法:
有時(shí)條件從句的'動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致。這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式,應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表達(dá)的具體時(shí)間來決定用什么形式。
。1)If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(從句敘述過去,主句敘述現(xiàn)在。) (fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)
。2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句敘述現(xiàn)在,從句敘述過去)
(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced )reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)
(3)在其他狀語從句中的。用法
主要用于由as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用“動(dòng)詞的過去式(be變were )或had +過去分詞!比纾 She looked as if she were ill.(實(shí)際上她沒有病,在這里用虛擬語氣補(bǔ)語比喻她精神不佳)
Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(這里用虛擬語氣表現(xiàn)他的英語說得好)
2、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用
((1)在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,其謂語形式是"should(可省)+動(dòng)詞原形",常用于以下三種句型中。 句型一、It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc)that…
句型二、It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc)that… 句型三、It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc)that…
如:It is strange that he (should)have done that. It is a pity that he (should)be so careless. It is requested that we (should)be so careless.
(2)在賓語從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如:
I suggest that we (should)go swimming.
(3)在表語從句中,表示間接的命令,要求、請求、建議、決定等,主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如: His suggestion is that we (should)leave at once. (4)在同位語從句中,謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如: We received order that the work be done at once.
。5)在It is time that…句型中,其謂語動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過去式"或"should +動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如: Its time (that)we went ( should go)to school.
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)12
1,一日三餐前:I have lunch我吃中餐
2,球類,棋類,I play chess我下象棋,Iplayfootball我踢足球
3,星期I go to school on Monday我在星期一去上學(xué)
4,月份:Children’s Day is in June兒童節(jié)在六月
5,年份He was born in20xx他出生于20xx年
6,節(jié)日前:On Teachers’ Day在教師節(jié)
7,學(xué)科前:I have math class我上數(shù)學(xué)課
8,語言:I speak English well我說英語很好
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)13
簡單句的.五種基本句型
1.“主語+謂語”(即“主謂”句型)
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they”(主語)“arrived”(謂語)。
2.“主語+謂語+賓語”(即“主謂賓”句型)
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主語)“study”(謂語動(dòng)作)“English”(賓語即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)。
3.“主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語”(即“主謂雙賓”句型)
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our
teacher”(主語)“教”(謂語動(dòng)作)“us”(間接賓語)“English”(直接賓語)。
4.“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”(即“主謂賓賓補(bǔ)”句型)
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“he”(主語)“asked”(謂語動(dòng)作)“her”(賓語即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)“to go
there”(補(bǔ)語—補(bǔ)充說明賓語做什么)。
5.“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的系動(dòng)詞有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn,
look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。
例:I am a teacher.分析:“I”(主語)“am”(系動(dòng)詞)“a teacher”(表語—即表明主語的身份)。
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)14
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),從字面上理解,就是“現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在”,動(dòng)作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中”。所謂“正在進(jìn)行中”,是指在談到這件事的時(shí)候,這個(gè)動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行中。至于它是什么時(shí)候開始的,什么時(shí)候會(huì)停下來,不是我們關(guān)心的。所以“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的事件,可能發(fā)生幾年了,也可能只有幾分鐘。仍在進(jìn)行中這是“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的關(guān)鍵所在。它是一件持續(xù)進(jìn)行的事情。
一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由"be+現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)"構(gòu)成。be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,一定不要漏掉喲!它應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,即:I am/he/she/it 包括單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用is,you/we/they 包括復(fù)數(shù)名詞用are. ,F(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則如下:
1.動(dòng)詞后直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)
3.重讀閉音節(jié),且末尾只有1個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫輔音字母+ing(例: sitting
sitting, beginning,getting,putting,running,stopping,cutting )
4.特殊變化:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying
句式構(gòu)成如下:
肯定句式:主語+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
否定句式:主語+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
一般疑問句:Be(am, is, are) +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它? ,,
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
A表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 例:We are waiting for you.
B. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 例:Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(說話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) 例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來活動(dòng)。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已經(jīng)安排了) we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已經(jīng)拿到了)
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用以下幾種情況:
(1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。
(2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
(3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語,這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機(jī)模型。
(4)描述圖片中的人物的.動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。
常見考法
對于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查,多以單選或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),或填寫現(xiàn)在分詞,或進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
典型例題1: Listen, who________(sing) in the music room?
解析:以 listen開頭,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。所以應(yīng)用is singing
典型例題2:The boys are visiting the history museum。(對劃線部分提問)
解析:對動(dòng)作提問用What,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),把a(bǔ)re 提到主語前,加doing。
答案:What are the boys doing?
誤區(qū)提醒
在口語中表示主語計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí),這類情況常與come來,go去, leave離開,depart離開,arrive到達(dá),stay逗留,start開始等動(dòng)詞連用。所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài),主語必須是人。
典型例題:They are (leave)for New York tomorrow.
解析:題意為“明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約”。雖然tomorrow 表示“明天”,表達(dá)未來,但leave要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí),所以應(yīng)用leaving 。
答案:leaving
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)15
I.要點(diǎn)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
((1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài),常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語連用。如:
Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如: The earth goes round the sun.
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
((1)表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語連用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2)和always, continually等連用,表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作,常含有某種情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或可能還要繼續(xù)下去,常與just, already, so far, once, never等詞連用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時(shí)
表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與tomorrow, neXt year等連用。如:
Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. Were going to see a film neXt Monday.
5、一般過去時(shí)
表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常
與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:
It happened many years ago.
6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的.動(dòng)作。如: What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、過去完成時(shí)
表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如: The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時(shí)
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如: He said he would come, but he didnt.
9、被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài),以give為例。
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