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      2. 高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

        時(shí)間:2024-07-01 13:27:26 秀雯 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 我要投稿

        高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

          在年少學(xué)習(xí)的日子里,是不是聽(tīng)到知識(shí)點(diǎn),就立刻清醒了?知識(shí)點(diǎn)是知識(shí)中的最小單位,最具體的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)候也叫“考點(diǎn)”。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識(shí)點(diǎn),以下是小編幫大家整理的高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),歡迎大家分享。

        高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

          deal

          作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為"經(jīng)營(yíng)",在所經(jīng)營(yíng)的對(duì)象前面加in,多指經(jīng)營(yíng)貨物,公債,股票等。

          dealwith常表示的意思有:

          處理,解決,安排;

          對(duì)待,對(duì)付,主語(yǔ)是人;

          談?wù),涉及?/p>

          deal作及物動(dòng)詞,表示"分發(fā),對(duì)待"。

          dealsbablow打擊某人

          作名詞,表示"買(mǎi)賣(mài),交易,協(xié)議,政策,對(duì)待"。均是可數(shù)名詞。

          technology和technique

          technology是技術(shù)的總稱(chēng),不是指一項(xiàng)一項(xiàng)的具體技術(shù),是不可數(shù)名詞。

          technique表示"某種技能,技巧",指一項(xiàng)一項(xiàng)的技術(shù)技巧,是可數(shù)名詞。

          語(yǔ)法

          一、結(jié)構(gòu):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)就是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的疊合,

          即"have+been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞"。

          二、用法:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)常用于以下兩種情況:

          (1)主謂關(guān)系被動(dòng),而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在;

          (2)主謂關(guān)系被動(dòng),而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但已對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果。

          三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:如果要將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句,則要把其賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橛山樵~引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)或直接將其省略;反之,如果要把被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句,則恢復(fù)其原來(lái)的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞套用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

          重點(diǎn)單詞

          major local represent curious introduce

          approach stranger express action general

          avoid misunderstand similar agreement adult

          punish intend means universal cultural

          apologize behave bow flight defence

          dormitory canteen dash comfortable distance

          prefer touch custom false hug

          function international powerful greet fist

          yawn threaten respectful association gesture

          固定搭配

          1.be good to對(duì)……友好be good for對(duì)……有益;be bad to…/be bad for…

          2.add up加起來(lái)增加

          add up to合計(jì),總計(jì)

          add…to把……加到……

          3.not…until/till意思是“直到…才”

          4.get sth/sb done使……完成/使某人被……

          5.calm down平靜下來(lái)

          6.be concerned about關(guān)心,關(guān)注

          7.當(dāng)while,when,before,after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。

          While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose.

          8.cheat in the exam考試作弊

          9.go through經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準(zhǔn),通過(guò)

          10.hide away躲藏;隱藏

          11.set down寫(xiě)下,記下

          12.I wonder if…我不知道是不是…

          12.on purpose故意

          13.sth happen to sb某人發(fā)生某事

          sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事

          it so happened that……正巧、碰巧

          14.It is the first(second…)that…(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

          15.in one’s power處于……的控制之中

          16.It’s no pleasure doing…做…沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣

          It’s no good/use doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的

          17.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.it做形式賓語(yǔ)

          18.suffer from患…病;遭受

          19.so…that…/such…thay…

          20.get tired of…對(duì)…感到勞累、疲憊

          21.have some trouble with sb/sth.在……上遇到了麻煩

          22.get along with sb/sth.與某人相處

          23.ask(sb)for advice.(向某人)征求建議

          24.make后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:

          make sb.do sth.讓(使)某人做某事

          make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/物…

          make sb./oneself+v-ed、讓某人/自己被…

          When you speak,you should make yourself understood.

          make sb.+n.使某人成為…

          25.alone /lonely.單獨(dú)的/孤獨(dú)的

          26.I would be grateful if…委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求

          27.Why not do…=why don’t you do…

          common

          表示"普通的,常見(jiàn)的;共同的;共有的;一般的"。

          作名詞,表示"(公有)草地"。

          becommonknowledge人所共知。

          thecommontouch平易近人的美德commonground共同的意見(jiàn),利益,目標(biāo)等

          commonsense常識(shí),情理區(qū)別common,ordinary,usual,general,normal

          common指因許多事物或許多人所共同具有而常見(jiàn)的意思。

          ordinary指由于與一般事物性質(zhì)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同,因而顯得平常,無(wú)奇特之處。

          usual"通常的,慣常的",含有"隨集體風(fēng)俗或個(gè)人習(xí)慣而常常發(fā)生"之意。

          normal意為"正常的",強(qiáng)調(diào)正常性。

          重點(diǎn)單詞講解。

          (1)add

         、 add …to…把…添加…/把…加起來(lái)

         、 add up to共計(jì),總共

         、 add to增添

          (2)upset

          過(guò)去式:upset過(guò)去分詞:upset現(xiàn)在分詞:upsetting

          adj.心煩意亂的,不安的,不適的

          be upset about/over為某事心煩、不安

          be upset that心煩

          vt.使不安,使心煩

          It upsets sb that讓某人心煩的是

          It upsets sb to do sth做某事使某人不安

          (3)concern

          vt.使擔(dān)心,顧慮,涉及,關(guān)系到

          n.擔(dān)心,關(guān)注,利害關(guān)系

          ①as far as sb/sth + be concerned就某人而言,對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)

          as far as I am concerned就我而言,對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)

          as far as he is concerned對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)

          as far as English is concerned關(guān)于英語(yǔ),對(duì)于英語(yǔ)

         、赽e concerned about/for關(guān)心,掛念

          have no concerned about/for

          ③be concerned in/with涉及到,與…有關(guān)

          have no concerned in/with

          (4)go through

          ①經(jīng)歷,遭受,忍受go through one difficulty after another.經(jīng)歷一個(gè)又一個(gè)困難。

          ②仔細(xì)檢查,審查go through your paper檢查你的試卷。

         、蹫g覽,翻閱go through all the related reference.瀏覽相關(guān)資料。

         、芡ㄟ^(guò),穿過(guò)=pass through go through a great forest.穿過(guò)一片大森林。

         、萃瓿蒰o through the task.完成任務(wù)。

          (5)suffer

          ①suffer作“遭受”時(shí),后面直接接pain, loss, injury, harm或punishment.

         、趕uffer作“受…苦”時(shí),常常搭配:suffer from

          (6)get/be tired of厭煩…

          get/be/feel tired of sb / sth / doing sth厭煩

          be tired from由于…而疲勞(體力上的疲勞),側(cè)重原因

          be tired out精疲力竭的

          (7)join in參加,加入

          區(qū)別join ,join in ,attend與take part in:

          join:多指加入組織,團(tuán)體,黨派等,有作為其中一員的意思。例:join the army參軍

          join in:參加某項(xiàng)游戲,活動(dòng),討論等。常用結(jié)構(gòu):join sb in

          例:Will you join us in a walk?

          attend:參加會(huì)議,婚禮,葬禮,上課,講座,聽(tīng)報(bào)告等。

          例:attend a lecture參加一個(gè)講座。

          take part in:多指參加群眾性的活動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng),戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等。

          例:take part in the march.

          虛擬條件句

          條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

          l-條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí),tiag+should (could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:If l were you,1 would study hard.

          2.條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)+should(could, would,或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞,例如:If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term

          3.條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致,句型為:lf+主語(yǔ)+should/were to+do,主語(yǔ)+should( could.)+原形do,例如:If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.

          注意:

          1.If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。

          2-根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況,即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況,條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況,但都遵守上述句型。

          3.在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if

          將這些詞提前置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝,例如:w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球,我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。

          直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

          (一)直接引述別人的原話(huà),叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà),叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi),間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外,還必須對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。

          1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),等等。例如:

          Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

          →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

          2.人稱(chēng)代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化:根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化,例如:

          She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”

          →She asked Jack where he had been.

          He said,“These books are mine.”

          →He said that those books were his.

          (二)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),都使用陳述語(yǔ)序,但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌宰兂砷g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,則用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)間接引語(yǔ)。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, us等。如:

          She said,“Is your father at home?”

          →She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

          “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.

          →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

          直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語(yǔ)氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something.例如:

          She said to us,“Please sit down.”

          →She asked us to sit down.

          He said to him,“Go away!”

          →He ordered him to go away.

          He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

          →He told the boys not to make so much noise.

          raise vt.“使……上升;升起;提高”等;

          rise vi.“上升;升起”;

          arise vi.“站起來(lái)(stand up)”,“起床(get up)”

          rise和arise用作站起,起床都屬正式用法;arise主要表示“出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生”等意思。

          She raised her voice in anger. (抬高)

          The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起)

          The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起)

          She rises before it is light. (起床)

          Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出現(xiàn))

          重點(diǎn)短句

          1. be good to對(duì)......友好be good for對(duì)......有益;be bad to…/be bad for…

          2. add up加起來(lái)增加add up to合計(jì),總計(jì)

          add… to把......加到......

          3. not…until/till意思是“直到…才”

          4. get sth/sb done使......完成/使某人被......

          5. calm down平靜下來(lái)

          6. be concerned about關(guān)心關(guān)注

          7.當(dāng)while, when, before, after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。

          While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.

          8. cheat in the exam考試作弊

          9. go through經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準(zhǔn),通過(guò)

          10. hide away躲藏;隱藏1

          1. set down寫(xiě)下,記下

          12. I wonder if…..我不知道是不是…. 12. on purpose故意

          13. sth happen to sb某人發(fā)生某事

          sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事it so happened that ......正巧碰巧

          14. It is the first (second…) that… (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

          15. in one’s power處于......的控制之中

          16. It’s no pleasure doing….做…..沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣

          It’s no good/ use doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的

          17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語(yǔ)

          18. suffer from患…病;遭受19. so…that… /such…thay…

          20. get tired of….對(duì)…感到勞累疲憊

          21. have some trouble with sb/sth.在......上遇到了麻煩22. get along with sb/sth.與某人相處

          23. ask(sb)for advice. (向某人)征求建議

          24. make后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:

          make sb. do sth.讓(使)某人做某事make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…

          make sb./ oneself +v-ed讓某人/自己被…

          When you speak, you should make yourself understood. make sb.+n.使某人成為…

          25. alone /lonely.單獨(dú)的/孤獨(dú)的

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